杂交育种是水产动物种质改良和新种创制的传统方式。本研究以我国产紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina，♀)和中间球海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius， ♂)杂交子代为研究对象，在前期工作基础上，通过显微观察、测量等方法研究其生殖腺的发育周期及配子发生规律，探讨海胆远缘杂交（科间杂交）子代的繁殖特性；利用比较转录组、比较蛋白质组分析方法以及转录组-蛋白质组联合分析预测microRNA等生物信息学手段，从转录和翻译两个层次筛选决定紫(♀)-中(♂)杂交海胆生长性状杂种优势的候选基因及信号通路，利用转录组-蛋白质组联合分析预测microRNA方法，明确参与调控候选基因表达的microRNAs，进而阐明杂交海胆生长性状杂种优势的分子网络和调控机制，以期丰富棘皮动物杂种优势分子机制研究的资料，为充分认识和完善海洋生物杂种优势体系提供更多参考。

Hybridization (cross breeding) is a traditional way to improve the germplasm quality and generate new species in aquaculture. A hybrid sea urchin (Anthocidaris crassispina♀ ×  Strongylocentrotus intermedius♂) and its parental species were utilized to study the reproductive characteristics by monitoring the development of gonad and the formation of gametes under microscope. On the basis of previous work, comparative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, and microRNA prediction technique were utilized to find out the candidate genes, microRNAs and signal transduction pathways that involved in sea urchin growth heterosis, so that we can clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying sea urchin heterosis from transcription (mRNA) level, post-transcription regulation (microRNA) level and translation (protein) level. All data observed in this study will enrich our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying sea urchin heterosis, especially, distant hybridization, meanwhile, the data observed in this study will provide more theoretical support for effective utilization of marine hybrids as well, and give more clues to promote the development of aquaculture.