种植水稻作为早期先民适应环境的重要手段，是人类文明历史发展最重要的过程之一。然而新石器早期遗址中水稻遗存到底是野生还是栽培，一直是稻作农业起源争议的焦点和热点。寻找并确认指示人工干预水稻生长和栽培的科学证据成为目前稻作起源研究的核心问题之一。鉴于野生稻和早期栽培稻固有的相似性，仅依赖某单一分析手段难以进行区分，需要综合已有方法并结合新的分析手段，在稻作农业起源研究方面形成突破。不难想象，人类早期种植行为势必引起水稻田中伴生植物群发生一定程度变化。本研究以长江下游早期稻田为研究对象，将水稻及其伴生植物（"杂草"）植硅体分布模式变化规律作为一种新的研究视角，同时综合传统植硅体分析和大植物遗存等分析手段以及AMS14C测年结果，以判断长江下游早期稻田是否存在人工干涉，从而为新石器早期稻作起源研究和水稻种植行为提供新思路。

Using rice cultivation as a method to adapt to environment is one of the most important processes in the human civilization history. There is a continuous debate about whether rice remains from archaeological sites in early Neolithic is collected wild rice or early cultivated rice. One of the key research topics is to find out solid scientific evidence of human intervention in the rice growth and plantation. However, because of the inherent similarity in the wild rice and early cultivated rice, it is hard to separate them using a single analysis method. To make a breakthrough in the origin of rice agriculture, we need to utilize new analysis methods together with existing research methods. It is obvious that the change of human behavior from collecting to cultivation will cause the change of associated flora in the rice paddies to some extent. Here, we will focus on the ancient rice field in the lower Yangze river area, and use the analysis of phytolith distribution pattern of ancient rice fields as a new research method, which is then combined with the analysis result from the macro plant remains and AMS14C time identification. Then we can investigate whether change of phytolith distribution has occurred due to the manual intervention， which can provide a novel method to research on the origin of rice agriculture.