芙新姬小蜂孤雌产雌品系和两性品系的同域时空共存与分化及其机制

芙新姬小蜂是蔬菜潜叶蝇的最重要天敌，我们发现该蜂在我国存在孤雌产雌品系和两性品系（两种繁殖模式），且在田间同域共同发生。项目围绕“两种品系的时空生态位共存和分化及其机理”这一科学问题，在前期研究工作基础上，1）通过芙新姬小蜂在我国不同气候生态区发生的田间系统调查，明确2种品系的时空生态位共存与分化格局，确定分布格局与气候/温度、生境等环境生态因子的关系；2）从室内生物生态学层面，比较研究2种品系对环境条件（温度和营养等）的适应性及其生理机制差异，以及品系间的竞争替代效应，解析2种品系时空生态位分布格局的生物生态学基础；3）采用线粒体基因、核基因及微卫星标记方法以及品系间杂交实验等相结合的方法，比较2种品系的遗传多样性，确定孤雌品系的起源，从遗传学层面解析2种品系的时空生态位分布格局。研究结果/结论在理论上将丰富内生菌促进寄生蜂物种形成假说，在实践上为芙新姬小蜂的应用实践提供指导。

Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an importmant bio-control agent for vegetable agromyzid leafminers all over the world. In China, We first discovered the thelytokous strain of N. formosa in Beijing in May, 2015. And then, it was confirmed that there are occurrence of thelytokous strain and arrhenotokous strain (two reproductive modes) of N. formosa and two strains are widely sympatric spatial-temporal coexistence in the field in China. We implement this research project focus on the scientific question, coexistence and differentiation of spatial and temporal niche of two trains and these mechanisms. Basing on early study, 1) the first, coexistent and differentiated patterns of spatial and temporal niche of two trains and relationships between differentiated pattern and environmental ecology factors, such as climate, temperature and habitat are confirmed through systematic field investigation of occurrence of N. formosa at different eco-climatic zones in China. 2) the second, at lab biological ecology level, we compares the differences of adaption and physiological mechanism between thelytoukous and arrhennotokous strains on the environment conditions (temperature and nutrition) and their competition substitution effect to analyze the bio-ecological basis of coexistence and differentiation of spatial and temporal niche of two trains. 3 the third, in the genetics level, we analyses genetic diversity of two strains and classify the origin of thelytokous parasitoids by exploiting multiple molecular markers (mitochondrial gene. nuclear gene and microsatellite) and interspecific hybridization experiments in parallel to demonstrate their distribution in the field. The research results and conclusions make a good supplement to the hypothesis that symbiotic bacterium could promote parasitoids speciation in theory and provide guidance for the field application of N. formosa in practice.