针对草场承包到户所导致的生态和生计问题、以及保持草场共用可能产生的“公地悲剧”问题，研究“放牧配额”管理方式对于解决上述两难问题的可行性。本研究拟通过实证研究方法，回答以下三个问题：1）对于共用草场，放牧配额管理能否在提高牧民生计的同时，保持草场生态压力不增加? 2）对于已经承包到户的草场，能否在合作社范围内应用放牧配额交易替代草场经营权流转，使得牧民生计和草场生态同时得到改善? 3）理论上，基于资源单元的放牧配额，作为一种私人产权与基于资源系统的草场共有产权制度之间，两者是否能够相容？本研究的可能创新点及意义：1）政策方面，面对草场使用权私有还是共有的二元争议，提出实际解决方案；2）理论层面，明确将资源作为物的产权与该资源所提供的效用分开，为自然资源产权理论提供新的视角；嵌套在共有产权下的私人产权，这两者之间的制度相容问题，一直以来被共有资源管理学派所忽视，本研究有可能在此方面有所弥补。

Currently, the two systems of rangeland use are coexisting in China: Individual household use based on rangeland contract system and traditional community joint use. Both systems have been facing social economic and ecological problems, with the rangeland fragmentation caused by individual property boundary fencing and the “tragedy of commons” by common use, respectively. Aimed to solve the dilemma, the project will explore the feasibility applying grazing quota management for both of the two systems. Specifically, through using positive research by field studies, this project is supposed to answer following three questions: 1) for the common use rangeland, whether grazing quota could work or not to increase herders’ livelihoods without degrading rangeland ecological conditions; 2) for the contracted household use rangeland, in order to re-integrate the fragmented rangeland, whether grazing quota transfer mechanism could work or not within herders’ cooperative instead of rangeland use right transfer, to improve both herders economic and rangeland ecological conditions; 3) theoretically, whether the grazing quota based on resource units as a private property is compatible or not with the resource system as a common property. The possible contributions from the research: 1) at the policy level, our research will provide new insights and solutions to the dualistic debates of rangeland property rights, i.e. private use or common use; 2) at theoretical level, distinguishing the initial property rights of the resources and the utilities generated by the resources, will develop new perspectives for property right studies of natural resource management; and the study on the institutional compatibility of a common property right system and embedded private property rights, which has not been paid much attention by the schools of common pool resource management, may fill the theoretical gap.