青藏高原是地球上海拔最高、湖泊数量最多、面积最大的高原湖群区，多样的湖泊类型和特殊的地理位置，决定了青藏高原是研究生物演化与极端环境相互作用的理想地区。 本项申请以青藏高原湖泊广泛分布的甲壳动物钩虾为研究对象，结合形态学、基因组学及生物信息学方法，探讨湖泊钩虾在青藏高原的适应性辐射。研究目标包括（1）基于基因组数据构建系统发育关系，推测钩虾进入青藏高原的时间和路径；（2）基于溯祖理论分析钩虾在青藏高原湖泊中辐射的过程，揭示冰期气候旋回对钩虾多样性分化的影响；（3）基于分子系统学研究结果，结合形态学特征，阐明青藏高原钩虾的物种组成及分布格局；（4）挖掘基因组数据，探索钩虾适应青藏高原极端环境（高海拔、高盐、低水温）的遗传机制。研究结果将揭示青藏高原湖泊水生生物的分布规律及其对湖泊环境变化过程的响应，为进一步研究生物对高海波、低温等极端环境的适应、全球气候变化等重大科学问题提供科学依据。

The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the Pleistocene climate cycles is assumed to have triggered organism diversification. The crustacean gammarids are widespread in Tibetan lakes, which are adapted to high-elevation and low temperature of water. In this project, we are going to collect specimens from the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas, and investigate the gammarid adaptive radiation based on morphology, genome-wide dataset and bioinformatics. We aim at (1) exploring the phylogenetic affinities and colonization histories of gammarids across the Tibetan Plateau, (2) determining whether dates of lineage splitting coincide with glacial cycles on the basis of coalescent theory, (3) characterizing the species composition and distribution pattern based on phylogenetic framework and morphological examination, (4) uncovering the genetic mechanism between the adaptive radiation and Tibetan extreme environment conditions by genomic analyses. This project seeks to understand how Tibetan uplift and associated climate changes influence the radiation of species and, in turn how animals adapt to ecological changes.