自达尔文以来，生物学家就投入极大的热情研究生物的进化过程。但由于海洋和陆地是截然不同的环境，多数研究局限于对某种动物某一特定生境的研究，而从更大进化尺度研究动物从海洋到陆地发生生境变迁的进化格局则相对薄弱。本项申请将选择西太平洋广布的甲壳动物跳钩虾为研究对象，跳钩虾分布在浅海、潮间带以及陆地，是唯一一类真正脱离水环境的端足目类群。我们拟选取多个基因片段构建跳钩虾科系统发育树，基于系统发育树解析跳钩虾从海洋到陆地的进化轨迹及进化动力，探讨适应性特征（形态、生态）的连锁进化，揭示跳钩虾适应陆地生境的多样性分化机制。我们推测由于古气候变化引发的海平面升降，导致部分生物在海退后留在陆地，并在陆地生境中进化。这一过程促成了跳钩虾现生的多样分布格局。研究古地质事件及海平面变化对跳钩虾进化格局的影响能够帮助我们预测未来海平面变化对生物多样性的影响，可以更清楚了解高级阶元陆生动物的进化动力及物种形成机制。

Since Darwin's era, biologists have been interested in exploring the evolution of life. Marine and terrestrial systems are very different, so that most studies limited to one kind of animals in a special habitat. However, the habitat could be changed through volcanic action, tectonic uplift, and sea-level fall or rise, which would have strong influence on the evolution of aminals. Few projects have involved in the research on evolutionary history of transition from marine to terrestrial habitats. The crustacean Talitridae's diversity, abundence, and biomass in the West Pacific consisits of an ideal group with closely related terrestrial, semiterrestial and marine species. In this project, we will collect Talitridae specimens from different habitats including marine, intertidal and terrestrial. We will reconstruct the phylogeny of the family Talitridae to investigate the tempo and mode of its diversification, using multiple genes. We will map adapative characters of morphology and ecology onto the phylogenetic hypothesis to explore the characters coevolution using phylogenetic comparative methods. It is suggested that ancestors of talitrids occupied the margins of West Pacific because of marine incursion, then they adaptively diversified in this region. The current study is important to understand how ancient geological events and ancient sea-level changes have influenced the patterns of diversification of these talitrids, which will promote to forecast the impact of present-day sea-level change on biodiversity. This project is incorporating morphology, ecology and genetics to discuss the evolutionary adaptation of terrestrial talitrids, which may drive the study of animial's landing history.