跳钩虾从海洋到陆地高山的多样性演化

本申请项目拟以甲壳动物跳钩虾科（Talitridae）为研究材料，聚焦于跳钩虾从海洋到陆地高山的演化过程和适应机制，研究区域为欧亚大陆和澳洲大陆及其陆缘海洋，主要开展两方面工作：（1）演化历史研究：发现跳钩虾物种多样性，构建系统发育关系，结合地质变迁历史探讨跳钩虾从海洋登入内陆高山的演化路径、时间，揭示多样性分布格局形成的规律和未来变化趋势；（2）遗传基础研究：结合形态、行为、生理、基因组等数据研究跳钩虾从海洋到陆地高山的表型多样性演化与环境适应的关系，进而探讨其适应的遗传机制。研究目的在于创建从海洋到陆地高山的研究体系，揭示跳钩虾生境转变的动力，呼吸器官鳃的表型变异和遗传基础，为生态保护和应对全球气候变化提供科学依据。

Habitat shift from marine to mountain is considered as an important driver to current biodiversity. In this project, we will use crustacean Talitridae as a model to test this hypothesis. The talitrids are widely distributed in marine, semiterrestial and terrestrial environments across Eurasia and Australia. We aim at (1) exploring the diversity, phylogenetic affinities, divergence times between marine and mountain lineages; evaluating the impacts of tectonic events; and predicting the potential distribution pattern under the climate change; (2) uncovering the genetic mechanism between the mountain adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in combination of morphology, ethology, physiology and genomic analyses. This project seeks to understand how habit shift from marine to mountain influence the diversification of talitrids, in turn how animals adapt to ecological changes. We will set up a system from marine to mountain to discuss the evolutionary drivers, phenotypic variation of gills and respiratory adaptation. The current project will provide suggestions for ecological protection and strategies for climate change.