植物减数分裂染色体配对起始及染色体分离的分子机理

减数分裂过程中以染色体识别、配对、联会、重组与分离为核心的染色体相互作用是减数分裂的核心事件，同源染色体的精确识别、配对对保证后续染色体的正确分离至关重要。目前，调控同源染色体之间精确识别、配对和分离的过程及分子机理尚不十分清楚。本项目拟在已有的研究基础上，以二倍体玉米、六倍体普通小麦、玉米微小染色体材料以及玉米减数分裂突变体为研究材料，开展系统研究，回答为什么同源配对在着丝粒区优先起始，并且探讨玉米微小染色体的分离异常与端粒花束形成的关系，进一步揭示减数分裂过程中同源染色体配对起始和分离的过程和分子机理。

In most eukaryotic species, five basic steps are involved in meiosis: chromosome recognition, pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation. Homologous chromosomal recognition and pairing are essential for accurate segregation of chromosomes. In contrast to the well-studied processes such as recombination and synapsis, many aspects of chromosome pairing and segregation are still mysterious. In this proposed project, we will use diploid maize and polyploid wheat, including novel plants containing minichromosomes and meiotic mutants to investigate the molecular mechanisms for homologous chromosome initiation and other chromosomal behaviors during the process of meiosis. Expected finding for this study will provide new insights into how chromosomes find their homologous partners and mechanisms mediating correct chromosomal segregation.