目前的亲缘鉴定通常采用可疑个体与一个参考亲属进行配对检验的方法，基于目前常规的法医DNA检测体系尚不能认定二级以上亲缘关系，也无法区分相近或同级亲缘的不同关系类型，不能满足法庭科学实践的需求。本研究拟基于毛细管电泳和二代测序分析平台，联合应用常染色体和性染色体的STR、SNP遗传标记，构建包含不同类型、不同数目参考亲属的任意多个体组合亲缘鉴定模型，通过似然比法进行家系重建，并通过实际和模拟家系计算综合评估鉴定效能，为检测体系选择、亲属样本选择、证据力度解析提供指引策略和科学依据，制定基于家系重建的多个体组合亲缘关系分析指南，研制自动化分析软件。本研究将充分利用家系成员的遗传信息，在目前常规可获得的法医DNA检测体系下也能使各级亲缘关系鉴定效能显著提高，并区分相近亲缘（例如全同胞和半同胞）和同级亲缘（例如二级亲缘的祖孙、叔侄、半同胞）的不同关系类型，促进亲缘关系的精准化鉴定。

To date, the kinship testing has been mostly performed through pairwise analysis between the questioned sample and a reference relative. However, the currently available forensic DNA genotyping systems are not efficiently discriminated neither the second degree or more distant relationships, nor the similar relationships or different type of relationships within the same degree, which can't meet the demands in forensic practice. Based on the platform of capillary electrophoresis and next generation sequencing, combined with STR and SNP genetic markers of autosomal and sex chromosomes, this study intends to establish the kinship testing models combining arbitrary multi-reference samples including different types and different numbers of reference relatives, perform pedigree reconstruction with likelihood-based methods and evaluate the system power through comparing the values calculated from real pedigrees and simulated pedigrees, so as to provide the strategies and evidences on the choice of detecting systems, informative relatives and the number of relatives. The guidelines of multiple individuals kinship analysis based on pedigree reconstruction will be formulated, and the automatic analysis software will be developed. The study can make full use of the genetic information of known relatives, which will be supposed to increase the effectiveness for kinship testing significantly and improve the ability of distinguishing the similar relationships (e.g. full-siblings vs half-siblings) or the different types within the same degree (e.g. grandparent-grandchild, avuncular or half-siblings) even using the profiling systems commonly available in forensic DNA laboratories, which will promote the precision kinship testing in forensic practice.