当代中国城市化进程中，不同社会群体，如本地户籍与非户籍人口之间，房产所有者与租户之间公共服务消费权利落差巨大。如何评估由此而造成的社会福利“鸿沟”？如何对缺失的权利进行“赋权”？“赋权”背后又有怎样的财政逻辑？本课题试图利用房地产市场对公共政策时空变异的响应机制，以南京市曾实施的“购房落户”条款为背景，定量评估户籍权利缺失造成的社会福利损失；以济南市和广州市对流动人口子女教育“赋权”为背景，比较不同“赋权”方式产生的社会经济效应；并以轨道交通站点开通为背景，探索非权利排他型代际公共品的成本分担机制。市民“赋权”与城市财政天然是一枚硬币的两面，权利的缺失与固化根源于流动性不断加大的社会与刚性的财政制度之间的矛盾。要提高地方财政应对人口流动的弹性，“赋权”才能落到实处，为此，改革须从与人口流动相适应的财政转移支付制度、与人口集聚正反馈的地方税体系、协调代际间成本分担的地方债务制度三方面入手。

In the process of urbanization in contemporary China, different social groups have different rights to access certain urban public services. Great welfare gaps exist between floating population without local hukou and local hukou holders, or between property owners and tenants. How can we evaluate the resulting social welfare gap? How can we empower the disadvantaged groups to access urban public services? And what’s the fiscal logic of such empowerments? This project attempts to evaluate related public policies to empower through housing markets in China’s cities. We quantitatively estimate the social welfare loss caused by hukou absence using the hukou permission clause of “Acquiring hukou by purchasing houses” implemented in Nanjing City; We estimate and compare the socio-economic effects of different policy orientations in Jinan and Guangzhou to empower children of floating population to access local education; and we explore the cost-sharing mechanism of nonexclusive intergenerational public goods in the case of urban rail transit. The empowerment to floating population and urban public finance are two sides of the same coin. The absence of rights to access urban public services for floating people is just the reflection of the inability of local revenue system to capture the agglomeration rents caused by labor mobility. In order to improve the flexibility of local public finance in the context of accelerating labor mobility, the following reforms on local revenue system can be considered, such as adjusting the fiscal transfer payment system according to population mobility, improving the local tax system that positively responds to population agglomeration, and establishing a just cost sharing mechanism for intergenerational public goods between local residents and floating people by redesigning local public debts managing system.