基于群体基因组学解析白灵侧耳适应性进化的分子机制

白灵侧耳（Pleurotus tuoliensis）在我国仅分布于新疆地区，对荒漠戈壁滩环境具有极强的适应性，且与近缘种在生境分布和表型特征上有显著分化。然而在物种分化过程中其适应性和表型变异形成的遗传基础仍不清楚。本研究拟在本室已完成的白灵侧耳全基因组测序基础上，利用高通量测序技术对不同地理来源、表型性状多样的白灵侧耳及近缘种共130份菌株进行全基因组重测序，进一步从群体基因组学层面开展纵深研究。通过种群间全基因组变异特征分析，明确群体遗传多样性和遗传结构，结合地质历史事件及古气候资料解析种群历史动态和适应性分化规律；通过选择性消除分析，比较不同种群受到选择的基因组区域，阐明白灵侧耳适应荒漠戈壁滩环境的基因网络；利用全基因组关联分析进一步挖掘与菌丝生长速度、子实体颜色等性状相关的关键基因/位点。研究成果对进一步解析白灵侧耳重要驯化性状建成、促进野生资源保护及遗传改良具有重要理论和现实意义。

Pleurotus tuoliensis is restricted to the Gobi desert environment habitat in Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China. It is also significantly different from closely related species based on its morphological characteristics and habitat distribution. However, little is known about the genome-wide pattern of adaptations to extreme environments and phenotypic variation of P. tuoliensis. We have performed the whole-genome sequence of P. tuoliensis. Based on this genome, we will use population genomics to perform adaptation analysis for P. tuoliensis in this study. In order to harness the untapped genetic potential available for P. tuoliensis improvement, we will re-sequence 130 strains of P. tuoliensis and its closely related species (P. eryngii). Patterns of genomic variation and linkage disequilibrium of the 130 strains will be obtained based on SNP calling. The SNPs identified will be used to reveal population genetic structure, demographic history and population admixture. Candidate genes associated with P. tuoliensis adaptation to the Gobi desert environment will subsequently be identified using genome-wide selective sweep test. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) will be used to identify the key genes or QTLs regulating mycelia growth rate and fruiting bodies color. These results will provide the foundation for further identification of the important domestication traits of P. tuoliensis, and also helpful for the conservation and genetic improvement of wild resources.