ITS是核糖体DNA（rDNA）的一部分，在真菌物种鉴定、系统发育分析以及宏基因组研究中应用广泛，是真菌DNA条形码的标准片段之一。在大部分真核生物中，ITS均遵循rDNA多基因家族的致同进化模式。然而近年来，越来越多的研究表明生死进化等非致同进化模式在真核生物尤其是动植物中广泛存在。在真菌中，大部分研究认为ITS符合致同进化模式，但也有少量研究表明某些真菌物种中存在基因组内ITS多态性和假基因现象，表现为非致同进化。真菌ITS的进化模式亟需进一步研究。针对这一现状，本研究选择丝状子囊菌为材料，通过高通量测序技术系统地研究丝状子囊菌中存在的基因组内ITS多态性现象、鉴定假基因，并对丝状子囊菌ITS的进化模式及其产生机制进行分析。研究结果对阐明真菌rDNA的分子进化模式有重要的意义，对基于ITS的真菌物种鉴定、条形码和系统发育分析是一个重要的补充。

.The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) has been widely used as a molecular marker in species identification, phylogenetic studies, metagenomics and has been selected as a DNA barcode for fungi. It is generally believed that as part of rDNA, ITS could conform to concerted evolution in most eukaryotes. However, non-concerted evolutionary processes like birth-and-death evolution were reported in eukaryotes, especially in plants and animals. Although ITS was mostly subject to concerted model in fungi, while intragenomic ITS variations and pseudogenes, which have been considered as indication of non-concerted evolution, were also found in several species. Evolution model of ITS still remains unclear in fungi. In the present study, intragenomic ITS variations and ITS pseudogenes were investigated using the next generation sequencing technology (454 pyrosequencing) in filamentous ascomycetes. Evolution mechanisms were analyzed which will benefit the understanding of rDNA evolution in fungi and could be an important complement for fungal species identification, DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis that based on ITS.