冷应激因子CIRP和HSP70与牦牛高寒低氧环境的适应性机制

高寒和缺氧是高原地区最主要的生态限制因子。素有"高原之舟"之称的牦牛经过长期的自然选择,获得了适应高寒低氧环境的稳定遗传学特性，但有关其分子机制的研究很少。本课题拟采用免疫组化法、RT-PCR法和Western-blot法分析生活在不同海拔高度牦牛体内的冷应激因子CIRP和HSP70的变化，然后通过与生活在低海拔的黄牛及生活在介于牦牛与黄牛中间的犏牛（牦牛与黄牛的杂交后代）的比较，从组织水平、分子水平和蛋白水平三个层面分别阐明：①相同的动物（牦牛）对不同海拔高度的生态因子的应激是否启动不同的冷应激蛋白表达（CIRP 和HSP70）；②不同的动物（牦牛、犏牛和黄牛） 在冷应激状态下是否启动不同的冷应激蛋白; ③ CIRP和HSP70在随海拔变化时，两者之间的作用是否有关联。本研究不仅将揭示牦牛的高寒缺氧环境的适应性机制，并将为人类适应高原提供科学理论依据.

Cold and hypoxia are the most important limited factors to the organisms living in the plateau region. Yak, known as"the plateau of the boat" have been obtained a stable genetic characteristics to adapt to the extreme climate of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau over a long period of natural selection. However, a few study about the adaptability of high-altitude hypoxia molecular mechanism is reported at present due to the restrict of its geographical distribution. Our project will be carried out by using the methods of immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western-blot to reveal the change of CIRP and HSP70 in the yak living the different altitude, to compare the data from the cattle living in low altitude area and the cattle-yak (yak and cattle hybrids) living in a altitude area between the yak and the cattle. The aims of the project are going to focus on：① clarify wether the ecological factors stress of the different altitude activate the different cold stress protein (CIRP and HSP70 ) in the same animal (yak ); ②to determine wether the different cold stress proteins will be produced under cold stress condition in different animals (yak, cattle-yak and cattle) ; ③to reveal the relation of CIRP and HSP70 with the changes of altitude. This results of the project will provide a basic information for animals and human beings to adaption of the envriorment in high mountain plateau areas .