申请人经研究发现，小麦-粗穗披碱草1HtS.1BL罗伯逊易位系同时近免疫小麦条锈病和叶锈病，是小麦育种所需的不可多得的兼抗型抗源，其抗性来源为1HtS染色体臂上的一个暂未被命名的抗条锈病新基因和Lr55。本项目拟用ph1b基因诱导系统和电离辐射对1HtS.1BL罗伯逊易位系进行诱导或处理，创制1HtS染色体臂结构变异体；利用小麦染色体第一同源群短臂EST、同属异种对应同源群基因共线性和“基因组拉链”等信息，开发1HtS染色体臂高密度分子标记；利用原位杂交、抗病性接种鉴定和分子标记等对获得的1HtS染色体臂结构变异体进行精确鉴定，构建1HtS染色体臂物理图谱，精确定位抗条锈病新基因和Lr55所在染色体区段。进而利用分子标记辅助选择将兼抗型染色体小片段易位系导入当前主栽小麦，阐明其遗传传递规律并培育抗病小麦新品系。

The applicant found that wheat-Elymus trachycaulus Robertsonian translocation 1HtS.1BL is nearly immune to both wheat stripe rust and leaf rust, therefore, it is a rare pleiotropic resistance source of wheat breeding, and its stripe rust and leaf rust resistances are attributed to a new stripe rust resistance gene and Lr55 which are located on chromosome arm 1HtS of E. trachycaulus, independently. In the present research, wheat-E. trachycaulus Robertsonian translocation 1HtS.1BL will be used to develop introgression lines with different 1HtS chromosme arm fragment sizes by ph1b gene and ionizing radiation. Meanwhile, high density of 1HtS chromosme arm spcific markers will be developed by exploring EST-based primers through analysising ESTs of short arms of homoeologus group one chromosomes, gene colinearity and “Genome zipper” information of homoeologus group one chromosomes among different Triticeae species. In addition, genomic in situ hybridiztion, disease resistance identification and molecular marker will be used to identify 1HtS structure variants, construct physical map of chromosome arm 1HtS and accurately map the resistance genes to a small chromosme segment. Moreover, the small alien chromosome segment translocation with pleiotropic resistance will be transferred into the major wheat varieties using molecular marker assisted seletion to clarify the law of its genetic transmission and to breed disease resistant wheat lines.