鸦片罂粟的基因组学研究及高特异性遗传分子标记筛选

罂粟作为鸦片及海洛因的毒品原植物，种植受到严格管控。目前，有关罂粟高特异性分子标记筛选、DNA多态性、遗传多样性、高密度连锁图谱构建以及系统进化关系的研究均罕见报道。本研究拟采用比较基因组学方法和测序技术，从系统进化、基因家族聚类、重要药用成分合成通路、果实发育通路、遗传图谱构建及高特异性分子标记挖掘等多个方面进行研究，系统挖掘罂粟基因组蕴含的遗传信息。本研究将为解析核心真双子叶植物从毛茛目中分化时间推定提供理论依据，以期揭示真双子叶植物基部类群的起源和演化、罂粟科基因组重复与近缘物种分化的关系、罂粟在毛茛目植物中的进化地位以及罂粟基因组大小的演化机制等科学问题。同时，针对不同罂粟亚种开发相应的分子标记，为后期的罂粟种属的鉴定、毒品产地来源的鉴定提供理论与实验基础。此外，通过揭示罂粟重要药用成分代谢通路及产油调控基因作用机制，为利用分子育种方法提高罂粟药用成分及油料含量提供分子依据。

As the raw plant for opium and heroin, poppy cultivation has been regulated strictly. Until now, the studies on poppy for highly specific markers screening, DNA polymorphisms, genetic diversity, high-density linkage map constructing, and phylogenic relationship are rare. This study uses comparative genomics and sequencing technology, trying to do the research of opium poppy from system evolution, gene family clustering, important medicinal ingredient synthesis pathway, fruit development molecular pathway, construction of genetic mapping and discovery of highly specific markers and other aspects. The completion of whole genome sequencing of Papaver somniferum would provide strong theoretical basis of parsing the time that core eudicots differentiated from Ranunculales. It would be significant for exploring the origination and evolution of eudicots basal groups, clarifying the relationship between whole genome duplication of Papaveraceae and the differentiation of closely related species, answering the evolutionary position of poppy in Ranunculales from genomic level and evolutionary mechanisms of genome size of P.somniferum. Moreover, opium poppy are widely distributed and diverse varieties, after obtaining genomic information, we can develop appropriate molecular markers for different varieties. This research could provide a theoretical basis for the identification of opium poppy and identification the origin of the drugs. In addition, by revealing the metabolic pathway of important medicinal components and mechanisms of regulatory genes for oil producing, this research would provide molecular basis for increasing medicinal component and oil content of poppy by molecular breeding.