中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（neutrophil extracellular traps，NETs）是2004年首次发现的一种细胞天然免疫机制。NETs是一种复杂的纤维状/网状结构，由激活的中性粒细胞释放至胞外，能够捕获并杀死微生物，在清除侵入机体的病原中起关键作用。目前哺乳类NETs研究方兴未艾，但鱼类NETs研究在国际上报道很少，且只限于淡水鱼类，而我国鱼类NETs研究则为空白（无国际报道）。针对这种现状，本项目申请拟以我国重要海水养殖鱼类鲆鲽鳎类（大菱鲆/牙鲆、半滑舌鳎）为对象，系统开展鱼类NETs研究，包括NETs 的产生特点与机制、病原对NETs的调控作用、NETs 的抗感染免疫效应与杀菌机制等。研究结果将阐明鲆鲽鳎类代表性养殖鱼种的NETs形成机制和免疫机理，从而填补国内外相关研究领域的空白，在国际上提升对鱼类NETs的理论认知。同时，研究成果将为鱼类病害的免疫防控提供理论指导。

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a new type of cellular immune mechanism first reported in 2004. NETs is a complex structure secreted by activated neutrophils; it captures and kills microbes and therefore plays an important role in the clearance of invading pathogens. Although there are a large amount of reports on mammalian NETs, studies on fish NETs are scarce and limited to freshwater fish. No studies on fish NETs by Chinese researchers have been reported in international journals. Here we plan to study the NETs of the fish species representing some major cultured marine fish in China (turbot/half-smooth tongue sole). The study will examine the production characteristics of NETs, the regulation of NETs by pathogens, and the antimicrobial properties of NETs. The results of this study will illustrate for the first time the production and immune mechanisms of NETs in representative marine fish. Meanwhile, the results of this study will also provide a guidance to the immune-control of fish diseases in aquaculture.