周围神经损伤的治疗一直是临床上的医学难题之一。不同周围神经损伤修复后其功能恢复差异较大，如下肢胫神经损伤修复后其功能恢复往往优于腓总神经,但具体机制并不明确，影响了临床治疗和预后。项目组前期研究通过客观评价猕猴下肢胫神经和腓总神经损伤修复后神经再生速度及功能恢复情况，发现了不同神经损伤后再生潜力的差异性特征。本项目拟进一步应用TUNEL法、DNA凝胶电泳、免疫组化等方法比较胫神经和腓总神经损伤修复后相应脊髓运动神经元凋亡特点及相关基因Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的差别；采用新一代高通量转录组测序(RNA-seq)技术和蛋白质组学技术及生物信息学分析，检测远端神经组织和靶肌肉的基因及蛋白表达差异，探讨不同神经损伤后再生潜力差异的分子机制。并通过对差异基因和蛋白的进一步分析，获得与神经再生相关的候选基因和蛋白，并建立分子标记，为临床更有针对性的寻找促进周围神经再生的新方法和新靶点提供理论依据。

The treatment of peripheral nerve injury is one of the problems that have not been well solved in the clinical. Diffrernt peripheral nerves achieve diffrernt functional recovery after injury. For example,the tibial nerve recovers better than common peroneal nerve in general, but the mechanism has not been explained. After evaluating the nerve regenerative speed and functional recovery of tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve in four rhesus monkey in our preliminary study,we found the difference in the recovery potential of peripheral nerves after injury.This project intends to adopt TUNEL,agarose gel electrophoresis, immunohistochemical and other methods to compare the difference of motor neuron apoptosis and gene expression(Bcl-2,Bax)in the corresponding spinal cord at different time after tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve injury. RNA-seq,proteomics and bioinformatics are used to analyze the gene and protein expression difference of the distal nerve and target muscle.The molecular mechanisms of different recovery potential of peripheral nerves are discussed. Gene and protein related to nerve regeneration are obtained through futher analyse,which will provide theoretical basis for finging new methods and targets to promote nerve regeneration.