脊髓损伤发生率逐年增高且呈年轻化趋势。脊髓损伤后化学药物治疗仅能保护残存神经元免受二次损伤，很难促进轴突再生和修复受损神经元。嗅鞘细胞（OECs）兼有星形胶质细胞与雪旺细胞的特点。研究表明，OECs支持神经元生长并分泌多种神经营养因子，减轻受损脊髓炎症反应和细胞构筑的破坏，为轴突再生提供适宜微环境。但是OECs移植后与脊髓受损面接触不佳，不能很好地迁移至脊髓实质。胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（bFGF）具有修复损伤神经元及轴突的双重作用，已得到实验动物的验证。但是bFGF稳定性差，并难以透过血-脊髓屏障，从而应用受限。本项目基于自主合成的肝素-泊洛沙姆（HP）新材料，制备包裹OECs的bFGF-HP温敏型水凝胶，通过现代药理学和药动学方法，全面评价促进神经元轴突生长和功能恢复作用，总结有效性和安全性。本课题利用新材料和制剂技术，将治疗因子和细胞移植有机结合，探索克服脊髓损伤治疗瓶颈的新技术。

Spinal cord injury is a serious nervous system disease. The incidence of spinal cord injury increases year by year and the age of onset shows a trend of getting younger. Chemical drugs, though protect the remaining neurons after spinal cord injury from secondary damage, can not promote the regeneration of axons and repair damaged neurons. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have both the characteristics of astrocytes and Schwann cells. From previous studies, OECs can support neuron growth and secrete various neurotrophic factors, reduce the inflammation reaction and the destruction of cells to construct of the damaged spinal cord. Therefore, OECs can provide a suitable microenvironment for the axon regeneration. However, OECs can not penetrate into the spinal cord parenchyma after transplantation because the current OECs formulations can not maintain the long time fully contact with spinal cord damage surface. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has dual roles in repairing damaged neurons and axons. Due to the poor chemiphysical stability and low ability to cross the blood spinal cord barrier, bFGF can not play an effective therapeutic application in clinical practice. Our team has developed a new temperature-sensitive functional material — heparin-poloxamer (HP), which has a high affinity with bFGF. Based on our previous experiments, new bFGF-HP thermo-sensitive hydrogel containing OECs (OECs-bFGF-HP hydrogel) will be prepared. Through modern pharmacology and pharmacokinetic method, the promotion effects of OECs-bFGF-HP on neuron axon growth and function restoration will be evaluated comprehensively. The therapeutic efficacy and safety of OECs-bFGF-HP in treatment of spinal cord injury will be summarized. From this study, the combinations of multiple methods — new material and its preparation, bFGF and OECs transplantation, are explored to overcome the current bottleneck in the clinical therapy of spinal cord injury.