氢化物纳米反应的SERS光谱研究及分析应用

基于砷铅等重金属氢化物反应的高选择性及与样品基底的高效分离，构建简易高效的氢化物发生装置。在稳定剂存在条件下，筛选适宜的分子吸收剂和纳米吸收剂分别与氢化物构成纳米反应并生成或制备稳定的氢化物纳米溶胶；进一步选择适宜的纳米聚集剂，获得高稳定性聚集纳米溶胶；对氢化物纳米溶胶及其聚集纳米溶胶进行吸收光谱、共振瑞利散射光谱、电镜、X-衍射、激光散射、能谱表征。选择适宜的探针分子，用表面增强共振拉曼散射（SERS）光谱研究考察盐、表面活性剂等对氢化物纳米溶胶、聚集纳米溶胶的影响,优化氢化物纳米反应体系测定砷硒等重金属的分析条件等。发展简便快速、高选择性、高灵敏测定重金属的氢化物纳米反应SERS光谱分析新方法。为进一步提高SERS光谱法灵敏度，探索一批纳米催化反应新体系，优化纳米催化反应体系的分析条件，发展一批高灵敏高选择性的测定重金属的氢化物纳米溶胶催化SERS光谱新方法，并用于实际试样分析。

Based on the high selectivity and high-performance seperation of the As and Pb hydride generation(HG) reaction, a simple and high-performance HG equipment was fabricated. In the presence of stabilizer, the screened molecular and nanosol absorbers react with the hydride to form or prepare stable hydride-nanosol. Furthermore, some aggregation reagents were screened, and stable aggregated hydride-nanosols were obtained. The hydride-nanoparticle and the aggregated nanoparticles were characterized by absoprtion, laser scattering,Rayleigh sacttering, electron microscopy,energy spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The influence of various factors on the hydride-nanoparticles and the analytical reaction were considered by sruface-enhenced Raman scattering(SERS) with suitable molecular ptobe, and some hydride-nanoparticle SERS methods were developed for the determination of trace heavy metals.To enhance the sensitivity, some nanocatalytic reactions were explored, and the analytical conditions were optimized. Thus, some highly sensitive and seletive hydride-nanocatalytic SERS spectral methods were developed for the detemination of heavy metals in real samples.