大气细颗粒物暴露可使哮喘患者急性发作增加，但是否会增加儿童哮喘发病的风险目前仍有争议。本项目拟采用前瞻性出生队列研究设计，以已建立的出生队列中2-3岁儿童为研究对象，随访儿童喘息发生、发展与临床分型，在6岁时进行哮喘诊断；利用细颗粒物环境监测数据，并对细颗粒物进行组分分析，评估队列儿童出生后不同时间段细颗粒物及组分暴露水平，研究细颗粒物暴露与儿童喘息、哮喘发病的关联，确定作用敏感期；在此基础上采用病例对照方法，检测队列新发哮喘病例和对照儿童脐带血、3岁和6岁外周血中线粒体损伤和炎症反应指标及6岁时肺功能，阐明细颗粒物暴露引起的线粒体损伤和相应炎症反应与喘息、哮喘发病的关系，并筛选能早期预警哮喘发生的生物标志物。本项目研究将为明确大气细颗粒物暴露与儿童哮喘发病的关联提供直接证据，并阐明细颗粒物引起的线粒体损伤和相应的炎症反应在其中的作用。

The occurrence of acute asthma attacks increases due to aerobic fine particulate exposure. However, it still remains controversial whether it is able to increase the risk of asthma incidence in children, The present project intends to adopt a perspective birth cohort study design, focus on the 2–3 years old children from the constructed birth cohort, to follow-up the initiation, promotion and the clinical subtype of children wheeze, and to diagnose the asthma at 6 years old; the fine particulate matter and its components at different life stages after birth will be evaluated based on the environmental monitoring data of and the analyses of the components of the sampled fine particulate matter, and to study the correlation between exposure to fine particulate matter and the incidence of wheeze and/or asthma in children, as well as to identify the sensitive window; based upon above mentioned, case-control method will be adopted to elucidate the relationship between the incidence of wheeze and/or asthma and the mitochondrial impairment and relative inflammation caused by exposure to fine particulate matter, and to screen biomarkers that can predict the development of asthma, by matching asthma cases with controls and assessing mitochondrial impairment and inflammatory parameters in cord blood, 3-year and 6-year old children peripheral blood respectively, as well as the pulmonary function at 6 years old. The present project will provide direct evidence for clarifying the correlation between exposure to aerobic fine particulate matter and the development of children asthma, and elucidate the effects of mitochondrial impairment and relative inflammation reaction caused by exposure to fine particulate matter in this process.