基于风味导向策略的传统梅香鱼功能微生物挖掘及代谢调控机制研究

梅香鱼也称“酶香鱼”，是一种传统的固态自然发酵鱼制品。微生物的代谢和菌群组成是传统水产发酵食品典型特征风味形成的关键因子，对代谢产物-微生物-基因网路调控机制的阐明是深入挖掘传统梅香鱼风味形成机制的基础。项目以微生物代谢调控为核心，采用非靶标代谢组学研究梅香鱼发酵过程代谢产物的时空量效关系，明确代谢产物变化特征及通路归属。采用Illumina HiSeq测序构建梅香鱼微生物功能基因数据库，对微生物群落演替及功能基因进行研究。采用现代仪器分析和感官仿生技术对梅香鱼发酵过程风味轮廓进行量化表征，明确梅香鱼典型特征风味形成因子。基于风味导向策略预测不同风味物质的形成途径，系统阐述微生物代谢调控对传统梅香鱼风味形成的影响机制。本研究为传统梅香鱼靶向工艺调控与产品品质监控提供理论支撑，也为传统水产发酵食品的核心功能微生物菌群挖掘提供参考，对于传统梅香鱼产业升级具有一定的推动作用。

Meixiang fish is a traditional natural fermented fish product in China. Microbial metabolism and flora composition are the key factors for the characteristic flavor formation of traditional aquatic fermented foods. The elucidation of the metabolite-microorganism-gene network regulation mechanism is the basis for a deep understanding of the traditional Meixiang fish flavor formation mechanism. The non-target metabolomics is used to study the dynamic changes of metabolites in the fermentation process of Meixiang fish, so as to clarify the characteristics and pathways of metabolites during fermentation process. The Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology is used to construct a microbial functional gene database, and the microbial community succession and functional genes were studied during the fermentation process of Meixiang fish. Modern instrumental analysis and sensory bionic technology are used to quantitatively characterize the flavor profile of the fermentation process and determine the typical characteristic flavor formation factors. Based on the flavor-oriented strategy, the formation pathways of different flavor substances are predicted, and the mechanism of microbial metabolism regulation on the flavor formation of traditional Meixiang fish is systematically explained. This research provides theoretical support for the traditional Meixiang fish targeted process control and product quality monitoring, and also provides a reference for the traditional aquatic fermented food microbial resource mining, which has a certain role in promoting the industrial development of the traditional Meixiang fish industry.