女性自我客体化的机制与干预研究：心理期望视角

当前社会存在客体化女性的倾向，即将女性价值等同于其身体的价值。性客体化令女性将外表看的至关重要，时刻以旁观者的视角审视自己的身体，亦即女性开始自我客体化。研究发现，自我客体化是令女性产生包括身体意象问题，焦虑，羞耻，抑郁和功能障碍等一系列健康问题的关键因素，并严重危害其幸福感水平。本研究致力于探究女性自我客体化的形成机制并设计干预方案。区别于以往研究将女性自我客体化看作环境压力下的被动选择，本研究将在期望理论框架下，将女性自我客体化看作主动选择的动机过程，亦即女性在外表与积极结果绑定的期望下主动做出的选择。同时我们将考察自我调节定向作为个体动机差异因素在自我客体化形成中的调节作用。最后，我们还将针对身体期望设计特定的干预方案，力求通过改变期望来减弱和消除自我客体化对女性身心的不利影响。本研究将促进自我客体化理论的推进和扩展，并为干预提供崭新的视角和方向，研究结果也有利于社会发展。

Sexual objectification refers to the process of separating a woman’s body out of her person and reducing the women to the status of “mere instruments” for satisfying others’ (usually men‘s) needs and desires (Barkey, 1990). Sexual objectification occurs frequently on a daily basis through mass media portrayals and interpersonal encounters. According to objectification theory ( Fredrickson & Roberts ,1997), frequent encounters with sexual objectification will coax women into internalizing a third-party self-perspective and coming to see themselves as.a body to be looked at, evaluated, and exploited of by others. This process is termed as self-objectification by Fredrickson and Roberts (1997)..Self-objectification is found to cause many negative outcomes to women’s mental and physical health. Therefore, in the present research, we will investigate the causes of self-objectification under the framework of expectancy theory. We predict that the positive expectation women forms about their bodies will cause them to objectify themselves. We will test our prediction with experimental design, correlational and longitudinal studies. Furthermore, we also aim to develop a new intervention program in order to decrease women’s self-objectification through changing their beliefs about the relationship between their body and positive life outcomes. The current studies will have.significant implications for understanding the mechanism of self-objectification and promoting intervention programs for women’s overall health.