诚实行为及其影响机制的功能近红外成像研究

诚实是各种文化公认的基本美德，是维系和谐人际关系、创造良好社会秩序的基本条件，但是不诚实行为却非常普遍，对个人和社会都会造成严重危害。因此，诚实行为及其影响机制是心理学、经济学、管理学等多个学科关注的研究热点。先前的研究发现，通过改变自我凸显或者认知资源水平可以改变诚实行为。但目前这种影响机制是否具有个体差异性及各自的神经基础尚不清楚。功能近红外成像（fNIRS）是近几年来兴起的一种无创脑功能成像技术，它能够用于自然情景下大规模脑成像数据采集。本项目运用行为和fNIRS手段，探查自我凸显及认知资源水平对诚实行为影响的神经机制，主要包括三个研究：1）诚实行为产生的个体差异及神经机制，2）自我凸显水平对诚实行为的影响及神经机制，3）认知资源水平对诚实行为的影响及神经机制。本研究可以从个体差异和情境启动的角度揭示诚实行为的神经基础，同时为道德教育实践和市场诚信机制管理提供理论和实证依据。

Honesty is the most import virtue for human beings, and it plays important roles in maintaining interpersonal relationship and establishing a stable society. However, dishonest behavior is universal across cultures, resulting in huge loss. Thus, scientists from psychology, economics and management all focus on exploring the mechanisms of honest behavior. The previous studies found that the honest behavior could be altered by self-salience and cognitive resources. However, it is still unclear about how does this regulation work and the neural correlates underlying it. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a new neuroimaging tool, and due to the NIRS system’ s portability and quietness, we could conduct the neuroimaging studies in different situations. The present project includes three studies: first, we will examine the honest behavior of people with different moral identities; second, we will explore the mechanisms of how self-salience affect the honest behavior of people with different moral identities; third, we will explore the mechanisms of how cognitive resources affect the honest behavior through moral awareness. The present project will help to understand the neural correlates underlying the honest behavior from individual differences perspectives, as well as find ways to improve honest behavior in schools and workplaces.