甘蔗是重要的糖料和生物质能作物。现代甘蔗栽培种遗传基础狭窄，拓宽甘蔗遗传基础一直是甘蔗育种家努力的方向。具有对生物和非生物胁迫强抗性的甘蔗近缘属斑茅的利用成为甘蔗种质创新研究的热点。2n + n染色体的传递行为对甘蔗遗传育种有着重要的意义，也是甘蔗染色体遗传重要的研究方向。甘蔗斑茅BC1染色体构成被认为是不平衡的2n + n，本项目以甘蔗斑茅F1和BC1为研究材料，利用染色体中存在的如rRNA基因，SSR等中度或高度重复的DNA序列，筛选适用于甘蔗染色体物理定位的可识别特异染色体的探针，建立基于荧光原位杂交的甘蔗染色体特征识别的研究技术体系。利用筛选的探针通过染色体的物理定位来探讨甘蔗与斑茅BC1的染色体构成，染色体从F1到BC1的传递规律及2n的来源。研究结果不仅能为甘蔗染色体研究提供新方法，而且能揭示甘蔗斑茅杂交后代的染色体传递规律，为甘蔗2n配子的利用制定合理的育种策略。

Sugarcane is an important sucrose and bio-energy crop. However, to date, sugarcane cultivars have a narrow genetic background, therefore, it is important to broaden the sugarcane genetic background. Nowadays, the innovative study of sugarcane germplasm will be focused on Erianthus arundinaceus， which is a wild relatives based on its strong biological and abiotic stress resistance. F1 and BC1 of sugarcane × Erianthus arundinaceus analysed in this study to be demonstrated the chromosome transmission, due to 2 n + n chromosome transmission is meaningful for sugarcane genetic breeding, And BC1 of sugarcane × Erianthus arundinaceus is considered to be disequilibrium hybridization of 2 n + n . Therefore, this project will be focused on 1) to establish fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH）technique system for chromosome characteristic identification, based on the probes which can identify specific chromosome characteristic , is screened according to moderately or highly repetitive DNA sequences such as rRNA gene and SSR are present in multiple copies in the genome. 2) to elucidate chromosome composition and transmission in F1 to BC1 and the source of 2n. by Chromosome physical mapping method using the screened probes. Finally, the overcome of this project not only provide a new protocol for sugarcane chromosome research, but also demonstrate mechanism of the chromosome transmission in sugarcane × E.arundinaceus. Meanwhile, it is developed an strategy based on utilization of 2 n gametes for sugarcane breeding.