超精密高分子光学元件在空间光学零件、高精度陀螺仪等高精尖设备中有着巨大的应用前景。高分子材料的应变率敏感性、温度敏感性、高弹、高粘、高韧等难加工特性为高分子材料的超精密加工带来了极大的挑战。针对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）材料目前难以实现超精密加工的问题，本项目拟通过超低温下高速铣削加工工艺实现材料的精密加工，并结合常温下超精密车削技术实现更高的精度控制。本项目以PMMA为研究对象，研究材料本构关系，探索精密铣削的材料去除机理以及铣削区大温度梯度条件下表面创成机理，探究超精密车削材料去除机理和损伤无损测量方法，实现损伤可控的高质量表面加工，旨在揭示高分子光学材料精密/超精密加工去除和高质量表面创成机理。本研究既能实现表面质量的准确预测和工艺方案的优化，又能揭示其中的物理机制，指导新工艺的开发，满足未来科技发展对高分子超精密切削工艺提出的新要求。

Ultra-precision polymer optical elements have great application prospects in space optical parts, high precision gyroscopes, and other high precision equipment. The strain rate sensitivity, high elasticity, high viscosity, high toughness and other difficult-to-cut characteristics of the material itself, as well as the refinement and complexity of the surface structure, have brought great challenges to the ultra-precision processing of polymer materials. It is still difficult to realize the ultra-precision machining of polymer materials. In this project, the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is applied as the representative of polymer materials which is of great application potential in the field of optical elements. Both the cryogenic process and high-speed milling technology are combined as the precision machining of PMMA and the ultra-precision turning is used as the finish machining process. In order to realize the high-precision machining of PMMA, it is necessary to investigate the material removal mechanism of polymer materials. The relationship between the surface quality and the processing technology in the process of the material removing process will be revealed. The removal mechanism of micro-turning and nano-turning process and damage suppression mechanism will also be investigated. In addition, the principle of surface topography under the condition of a large temperature gradient is also studied in this work. Aiming at the efficient control of damages, a nondestructive detection method of ultra-precision machining damage based on the principle of aggregation-induced Emission (AIE) will be proposed. This research can not only realize the accurate prediction of the surface quality but also reveal the physical mechanism. It is of great importance to guide the development of a new process and meet the new requirements of the future development of science and technology for the polymer ultra-precision cutting process.