中国西北突厥语族人群混合起源的遗传学解析

欧亚东西方之间的突厥系群是最典型的混合人群，是丝绸之路上的主要人口成分。土耳其到中国甘肃之间的大多数民族都属于突厥系，包括中国维吾尔等8个民族群体。我们前期对中俄两国突厥系11人群2707个现代样本进行了Y染色体分型，发现突厥由东西方不同的遗传谱系组成。然而，突厥系群的起源和群体混合历史不清。新疆北部的青铜时代切木尔切克文化被认为很可能是突厥的源头。本项目拟对切木尔切克文化的20个人骨DNA样本进行Y染色体全测序和全基因组重要性状相关多态性分析，研究该古群体源于何处，是否与现代突厥族群有关。从现代突厥已分型样本中挑选200个关键样本进行Y染色体全测序，以及全基因组10K SNPs捕获测序。通过比较突厥和周边族群，揭示各成分融入突厥的时间序列和基因流路线。本研究将对丝绸之路人群起源和东西方融合、环境适应和流行病病因等问题也具参考价值。

The Turkic speaking people between eastern and western Eurasia are the most typical mixed population, and are the major population along the Silk Road. Most ethnic populations between Turkey and Gansu of China speak Turkic languages, including eight populations in China. We have finished genotyping 2707 Y chromosomes from 11 Turkic populations residing in China and Russia and found that they were complicatedly mixed by eastern and western Eurasians. However, the origin and genetic admixture history of Turks are not clear. The Bronze Age Chermurchek Culture is believed to be the origin of Turkic culture. We plan to analyze the whole Y chromosomes and whole genomic polymorphisms associated to important traits for 20 human bone samples from Chermurchek to trace the origin of this ancient population and its possible relationship to modern Turkic people. We will also analyze the whole Y chromosomes and SNP capture 10K genome-wide sequences on 200 individuals picked out of 2707 samples. By comparison to the neighboring ethnic groups like Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European, we hope to reveal the precise ages and routes of the gene flows into Turkic populations. This study will be helpful to understand the origin of population along the Silk Road, adaption and epidemiology in Central Asia, etc.