中性洗涤纤维（NDF）是衡量开食料中纤维类碳水化物的重要指标，能够促进羔羊瘤胃发育，其不同来源作用效果存在差异，但导致这种差异的机制并不清楚。研究发现，早期开食料碳水化合物组成调控瘤胃功能-微生物互作可能对瘤胃功能有长期的影响。因此，项目以开食料中不同NDF来源对瘤胃发育和微生物定植存在差异的角度为切入点，以前期开展的早期断奶和补饲影响羔羊瘤胃发育的研究为基础，运用解剖学、反刍动物营养学和高通量测序技术分析开食料中NDF来源对羔羊瘤胃组织形态、发酵功能和微生物多样性的影响，并整合瘤胃组织转录组和瘤胃微生物宏转录组数据，分析瘤胃代谢和发育通路相关差异基因及其对瘤胃微生物功能和代谢特征的调控；并通过育肥试验，揭示对育肥期羔羊瘤胃功能和微生物区系的持续影响。阐明开食料NDF来源调控哺乳期到育肥期羔羊瘤胃功能与微生物互作的机理，旨在为幼龄反刍动物营养调控和早期断奶技术提供理论依据。

Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is a critical parameter to assess the quality of fibrous carbohydrate in starter. It improves the development of rumen, however, it may lead to different effect if it comes from different feedstuff, and there is a deficiency of the mechanism of this difference as well. As a result, we propose the hypothesis that the development of rumen and microbe planting will be different when lambs ingest NDF from different feedstuff. Then, we design this experiment based on the previous achievements about research of early weaning and supplementary feeding on the development of rumen of lambs, using the anatomy, ruminal nutrition and high throughput sequencing technique to analyze the effect of NDF from different feedstuff on ruminal histomorphology, fermentation function and microbial diversity of lambs. In addition, the transcriptome of ruminal epithelium and macro transcriptome of ruminal microbe are adopted to analyze the different genes of ruminal metabolism and developmental pathway and the regulation of function and metabolic characteristics of ruminal microbe. We also design fatting experiment to reveal the last effect of NDF from different feedstuff on ruminal function and microflora of lambs during fatting period. The achievements of this experiment will illuminate the mechanism of NDF from different feedstuff regulating ruminal function and microbial correlation of lambs from pre- and pro-weaning to fatting period, and it will provide the theoretical basis for early weaning and nutritional regulation on small ruminants.