乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎（HBV-GN）的肾损害病理类型多为膜性肾病。该类患儿的肾组织中均存在不同程度的足细胞缺失，增殖能力下降、凋亡和脱落。乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白（HBx蛋白）是体内乙肝病毒感染周期中基本的病毒蛋白, 主要定位于宿主细胞质，小部分位于细胞核内，胞核内的HBx蛋白可直接作用于转录因子，具有反式激活作用，因而具备多种细胞功能，能够激活多种细胞的信号转导通路，调节细胞凋亡。HBx蛋白目前已成为研究乙肝相关性疾病的热点分子。本研究以HBx蛋白是否通过诱导足细胞凋亡参与HBV-GN尿蛋白形成为主线，通过动物模型、体外细胞培养和临床实验3个层面的研究工作，分别观察HBx蛋白对足细胞功能的影响，进一步对HBx基因进行核苷酸序列分析，探讨HBx基因多态性与与HBV DNA定量、cccDNA、尿蛋白定量及肾脏病理分级的关系，探讨其在HBV-GN发病机制中的重要作用，为治疗HBV-GN提供新靶点。

The renal damage pathological type of Hepatitis b virus-associated glomerulonephritis（HBV-GN） was membranous nephropathy(MN). There was varying degrees sertoli cell loss, proliferation ability, apoptosis and desquamation in renal tissue of these children. Hepatitis b virus X protein (HBx protein) was a basic viral proteins of virus infection cycle in the body, mainly located in cytoplasm, a few part located in the nucleus, HBx protein in the nucleus that can directly act on the transcription factor, have trans activation，so have a variety of cellular functions, which can activate a variety of cell signal transduction pathways, regulate cell apoptosis. Which has become a research hotspot in the molecules of hepatitis b related diseases.This research focused on whether the HBx protein by induced podocyte apoptosis involved in the formation of urine proteinin of HBV-GN. We will through animal model, cell culture and clinical experiment to observe the the effect of HBx protein on podocyte function, and the HBx gene mutation impacts on DNA and cccDNA loads, proteinuria quantitation and renal pathology, to explore its important role in the HBV-GN pathogenesis, and provide new molecular targets for the treatment of HBV-GN.