本项目基于肠道黏膜免疫应答形成的“微生物刺激理论”和“卫生假说”，以新生仔猪为模型动物，通过口服方式接种健康成年猪粪样不同菌群及其他组分对仔猪菌群定植进行早期干预，应用16S rRNA基因高通量序列测定技术分析各肠道菌群组成，代谢组学技术分析肠内容物代谢组谱，组织学和免疫组织与化学方法检测个肠段组织上皮内淋巴细胞，肥大细胞等免疫相关细胞数量；酶联免疫方法测定细胞因子的含量；细胞培养对T淋巴细胞进行功能分析。探究成年猪粪菌接种物早期干预对仔猪肠道微生物区系发育和黏膜免疫应答的影响，阐明粪便中不同菌群及其他组分在新生动物肠道菌群发育中的作用及对肠黏膜免疫应答的调节机理，从菌群调控和饲养环境控制等方面为新生仔猪的健康养殖提供新思路。

Based on the “microbial stimulation theory” of intestinal mucosal immune response and “hygiene hypothesis”, this project will use newborn piglets as the animal model. Early intervention on the microbial colonization in the gut of piglets will be carry out through oral inoculation of fecal microbiota including different bacterial groups and fermentation metabolites from healthy adult pigs. The structure of the intestinal microbiota will be analyzed by using pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA genes, metabolite profiles in the intestinal contents will be analyzed by GC-MS. The immunohistochemical method will be used for the detection of intraepithelial lymphocytes, mast cells and other immune related cells. ELISA will be used to determine the cytokine content. Functional analysis of T cells will be conducted by in vitro cell culture. The project aims to explore the effect of early intervention on the development of intestinal microflora and the mucosal immune system development in the piglets, and clarify the role of different bacterial groups and other components of feces in the development of intestinal microflora, and their regulation mechanism in the development of intestinal mucosal immunity. This project will provide new ideas for healthy rearing of newborn piglets through regulating gut microflora and controlling farm environment.