不同时期母乳乳汁中的微生物组和功能性低聚糖对婴儿排便频次的调节机制研究

社会、经济、环境、饮食和生活方式等影响母亲的泌乳和母乳乳汁的成分，这变化定会改变母乳喂养婴儿的胃肠功能包括其排便频次。假设母乳乳汁中的微生物组和功能性低聚糖的衍变，必改变母乳喂养婴儿肠菌群-宿主共代谢，从而致婴儿的排便频次变化。为验证假设，本研究配对收集4个时间点即婴儿出生后2周、1月、3月和6月， 80-100名母乳喂养的健康母亲乳汁和母乳喂养婴儿的粪便，60-80名人工喂养婴儿的粪便，并收集临床资料，用宏基因组技术测母乳乳汁和婴儿粪便中的微生物组，并确定其功能菌；用气相色谱/液相质谱法测母乳乳汁低聚半乳糖和婴儿粪便的短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸水平，明确其变化规律；用统计学和生物信息分析法，研究和明确乳汁中功能菌和低聚半乳糖在重建婴儿肠菌群-宿主共代谢物的作用，以肠菌群-宿主共代谢路径来确定婴儿排便频次的调节机制。其结果对精准认识母乳的质量和母乳喂养的优越性以及研发婴儿特医食品有重要的科学意义。

Social, economical, environmental, diet custom and life styles and so on can affect the breast milk secretion of mothers and components of human milk.It is sure that the changes will affect the gastrointestinal functions including frequencies of defecation in infants with breast feeding per day. The hypothesis is the changes of microbiome and galactoo1igosaccharide in human milk at different stages affect certainly infantile bacteria co metabolism in intestinal microhabitat, thereby regulate infantile frequencies of defecation. For verifying the hypothesis in the study, human milk will be collected from 80-100 healthy mothers who practise breast feeding, and the feces will be collected from 80-100 infants with breast feeding and 60-80 infants with bottle feeding at 1w,2 w,1m,3m and 6m after birth. and the clinical data will be collected from the above. The microbiome in human milk and in faecal samples will have quantity analysis by metagenomics approaches, and have a look for the functional bacteria. The concentration of galactoo1igosaccharide in human milk and short chain fat acids and the bile acids in the faecal samples will be measured by the gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. After then the bioinformatics analysis and statistical methods will be used to confirm the effect of microbiome and galactoo1igosaccharide in human milk on the bacteria co metabolism of intestinal microhabitat which regulate the mechanism of infantile frequencies of defecation. It will be believed that the study results will have an important role on improving and precise understanding the quantity of breast feeding and breast feeding’s advantages, researching and developing the infantile special medical formula.