壁画保护高分子材料的抗菌性及其环境适应性研究

高分子材料在古代壁画保护中广泛使用，目前对材料老化失效机理方面研究主要集中在物理化学方面，高分子材料的微生物易感性及其生物退化机制方面研究还很有限，制约着古代壁画的科学化保护进程。本项目针对壁画保护中6种高分子材料，利用标准菌株和壁画病害菌系统评价材料的抗菌能力；利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及气相色谱-质谱联用仪等分析人工加速老化前后材料的表观形貌、降解产物和质量损失等性能特征，初步揭示人工加速老化及生物退化对于高分子材料耐久性的作用机制；运用典型对应分析及非度量多维尺度分析等统计方法，解析材料的多因素交联协同退化过程及其因子贡献率；通过模拟壁画保存环境条件，研究材料性能特征，并综合评估壁画保护材料的环境适应性。研究成果对于壁画保护材料的筛选应用和我国同类文化遗产的科学保护具有重要的现实意义。

The polymer materials were widely utilized for conservation of ancient wall paintings. Though there are in-depth researches in the field of materials aging and relevant aging mechanism caused by physical and chemical factors, study referred to microbial susceptibility and its biological deterioration and degradation mechanism of materials is still limited, which restrains to process of scientific conservation of these valuable murals. This project aimed at 6 widely used high polymer materials that largely applied in mural conservation, using standard microbial strains and dominant disease microbes to systematically evaluate the antimicrobial properties of polymer materials before and after artificial accelerated aging. The SEM, XRD, GC-MS, and other equipments will be taken to study the physical and chemical properties, such as morphology, degradation products, quality loss, et cetera; Meanwhile reveal the artificial accelerated aging and biodeterioration mechanisms to the durability of polymeric materials preliminary; By using Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) and Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS) to analyze how the multi-factors combined with deterioration that could affect durability and the main factors contribution rate to this process; By simulation the condition of the environmental temperature and humidity based on the pre-monitored data, to further clarify the deterioration characteristics of materials and evaluate its environment adaptability comprehensively. Findings of this project with important practical significance for screening and proper application of mural conservation materials, and has significant values for the scientific conservation of similar cultural heritages in China.