先天性心脏病外科治疗经常需借助人工血管来纠治心脏和大血管发育异常，但目前的人工血管存在诸多缺陷，导致患儿预后不佳需要多次更换管道。组织工程技术可望为这一临床问题提供新的解决思路。其中运用体内组织工程技术将硅胶棒在皮下埋植后能获取完全由自体组织细胞构成的人工血管日益成为学者关注的热点。但这种血管力学性能差、皮下埋植时间长，不适合限期手术患儿。我们前期通过结合可降解生物材料，制备出全新的人工血管，力学性能接近人体血管的力学强度。而为了加速这种人工血管的体内成熟，本项目拟通过选取最适宜的可降解生物材料种类并优化其拓扑结构，对材料表面进行免疫活性物质修饰，使材料在皮下埋植期间营造适合组织再生的免疫微环境，提升材料中细胞浸润和细胞外基质形成速率，最后对所构建的人工血管进行自体血管移植实验并评估其功能。本研究将有助于短时间内为患儿提供生物相容性好、富有生长潜能的人工血管，提高我国先天性心脏病手术疗效。

Vascular grafts are widely used in congenital heart surgery to correct the cardiovascular malformations. However, vascular grafts available at the moment have many defects. Patients usually need to undergo several re-operations to replace the grafts during their lifetime. Tissue engineering is expected to provide new solutions to this problem. Vascular grafts entirely composed of autologous tissues can be created using in vivo tissue engineering technique based on subcutaneous implantation of the silicon rod, becoming a hot topic in scientific field. But the inferior mechanical properties and longer waiting time make it unsuitable for pediatric patients waiting for surgery. By fabricating the degradable biomaterials on the silicon rod, we have developed the new vascular grafts with improved mechanical properties in our pilot study. To shorten the duration of the subcutaneous implantation step, we intend to create the suitable immune micro-environment at the implantation site by selecting the biomaterials and optimizing the pore structures and surface modification, thus improving cell infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition inside the biomaterials. Finally, by transplanting the grafts using animal models, graft functions including regenerative capability can be assessed. This project will provide patients with biocompatible and regenerative vascular grafts within a short period of waiting time, and enhance the surgical outcomes for congenital heart diseases in China.