我们已发表论文及文献均表明：原发性肝癌（HCC）射频消融（RFA）后绝大部分复发灶位于原发灶周边，且不充分RFA后周边残癌细胞恶性程度、侵袭性、转移能力增加，导致快速复发转移。因此，我们设想：术前如能准确界定肿瘤的浸润边界并适形治疗，术后即刻评估残癌并及时补充治疗将有可能减少原位复发及转移。研究表明 CSF-1R在HCC的边界表达最高，肿瘤微环境呈酸性。故本研究拟在我们前期制备的肿瘤靶向纳米脂质体微泡成膜材料中加入PH敏感脂质体材料DOPE，使其具有PH触发效应，能够在肿瘤部位聚集并发生构象改变，以期被动靶向提供肿瘤信息。同时利用成膜材料中含有-COOH功能的脂质材料，通过碳化二亚胺的方法将抗CSF-1抗体连接至脂质体材料表面，期望能主动靶向肿瘤微环境中高表达CSF-1R的肝癌细胞，突出显示肝癌浸润边界及残癌，为射频消融适形治疗并早期评估RFA疗效提供有效方法。

Our previous research and literature have proved that the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma mostly nearby the original site after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). what's more, inadequate RFA may increase the ability of invasive and migration of residual cancer cells, and may cause rapid recurrence. So whether or not figure out the exact invasive area of the tumor, and assess if any residual HCC is the key point for complete ablation. Recent Studies have shown that macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) expressed in HCC tumor margin and tumor microenvironment was acidic. This study is based on our previous research about preparation of -COOH ended long circulating nanoliposome microbubbles, furthermore, adds PH-sensitive lipid DOPE in the membrane producing. So it might get PH triggered effection, and passively target in the tumor area through. At the same time，CSF-1R is connected to the -COOH end of the produced lipid nanobubbles by carbodiimide method. Thus it could target the tumor and immue cells positively to imagine the margin of the tumor exactly for complete ablation of RFA, and to assess whether ablation is complete.