膜翅目昆虫的系统发育与寄生习性进化

本项目将首次以中国分布的寄生性膜翅目（即寄生蜂）不同类群为重点研究对象，结合利用我们收藏的采自世界各地的寄生蜂标本，对寄生蜂13总科37科的代表性种类，尤其是体现各种不同寄生习性类型的重要代表性种类进行形态、携带因子、核基因和核糖体基因、线粒体基因组等的系统研究，并据此构建寄生蜂各类群间的系统发育关系，解析进化树拓朴结构和类群间的进化关系，进而分析寄生蜂利用寄主的类型、进化过程和相关寄生习性的进化，揭示寄生蜂与寄主关系的形成及其进化的途径。研究结果不仅能推动生命科学领域中动物系统发育与进化、寄生物对寄主控制和适应进化等研究的开展，而且有利于我们更好地了解寄生蜂利用寄主的策略，指导如何提高寄生蜂自然控害作用，对保证本世纪我国可持续农业稳健发展有着深远的现实意义。

This proposal will focus on the phylogenetic relationships and evolution of parasitic habits in the order Hymenoptera with special reference to parasitic groups. Based on the materials collected from China as well as from all over the world, key species with different parasitic habits belonging to 37 families of 13 superfamilies in Hymenoptera will be studied for their morphology, neuclear and ribosomal genes, mitochondrial genome sequences, and as well parasitoid-associated factors in reproductive systems. Then we will try to build phylogenetic trees by combined analyses of data from morphological and molecular characters observed above. By examining branches and nodes of phylogenetic trees, we will discover phylogenetic relationships between taxa, and then analyze the possible patterns of host ultilizations by different taxa and how the relationships between parasitoids and their hosts were established and evolved. Our results will not only promote the research in the area of animal phylogeny and evolution, and host regulations by their parasites, but also will increase the knowledge about the strategies in host utilizations by parasitoids, and how to inscrease the ability of natural control of pests by parasitoids.