基于儿童队列的女性甲状腺异常高发起始点识别、长期效应实验研究和碘营养策略探讨

女性甲状腺异常高发态势显著而其机制尚不明确，且多以成人为研究对象，儿童甲状腺研究队列资料缺失。现有10岁及以下儿童的甲状腺异常研究未观察到性别差异，本研究推测青春期发育启动前后可能是女性甲状腺异常的高发起始点，个体碘营养状况与之相关，且该时期的异常可能具有长期效应。因此，本课题在前期工作基础上，拟通过儿童队列研究，前瞻性随访、比较青春期发育各个阶段甲状腺形态及功能异常的发生状况，建立个体碘营养状况的综合评价指标，并探索其与各时期甲状腺异常的关联；此外，建立性发育阶段碘缺乏Wistar大鼠模型，比较该阶段碘缺乏组及适碘组成年后甲状腺形态及功能，以探讨该时期碘缺乏所致甲状腺异常的长期效应。本项目预期可为识别女性甲状腺高发起始点及其相关因素，完善碘营养敏感人群的监测方案提供依据，同时为更好地认识儿童青春期甲状腺异常的意义提供证据。

The predominance of thyroid disorders in female has been well documented, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Previous studies were mainly conducted in adults, while evidence from cohort study, especially for children was limited. Based on the comparable risks for thyroid disorders observed in boys and girls aged 10 or less, we proposed that the risk for thyroid disorders in female might increase greatly in some specific stage during puberty, and iodine nutrition might involve in this change. Moreover, thyroid disorders in puberty might have a long-term effect. Therefore, we will prospectively observe and compare the risk for thyroid disorders in both thyroid volume and functions among different pubertal stages in a children cohort . Individual iodine nutrition will be assessed by integrating several indicators and used to explore its potential contribution on thyroid disorders. We will also establish iodine deficiency model in Wistar rats and compare the thyroid volume and functions in adulthood between iodine deficient and sufficient ones, so as to evaluate its long-term effect. The expected results of our study include the identification of starting point for the high risk of thyroid disorders in females, the assessment for long-term effect of pubertal iodine deficiency, and therefore the development of surveillance strategy for iodine nutrition susceptible groups.