母猪的母性行为（SMB）可直接影响其年提供仔猪数（PSY），进而影响养猪效益。随着生产自动化及养猪福利的发展，SMB的改良需求越来越迫切。嗅觉是影响SMB的重要因素之一，但从遗传层面解析嗅觉影响SMB的研究相对缺乏，嗅觉受体(OR)造成SMB个体差异的机制也一直不明。申请人前期利用母性差别较大的大白猪X民猪杂交群体的重测序数据，从全基因组筛选到大量的群体差异OR基因变异。本研究拟利用同样的群体，从OR与SMB的全基因组关联入手，应用转录组、蛋白质组等多组学手段，开展：（1）SMB显著相关OR基因挖掘；（2）SMB显著相关OR基因分子功能及作用机制分析和验证；（3）SMB显著相关ORs基因变异细胞学突变验证及OR基因影响母猪个体母性行为的调控网络构建。以解析嗅觉受体造成母猪母性行为个体差异的机制，为SMB的全基因组选择提供理论基础，同时也为从群体角度解析影响母性行为的遗传因素提供参考。

The sow maternal behavior (SMB) can directly affect piglets per sow per year (PSY) , which in turn affects the benefits of pig production. With the development of production automation and pig welfare, the need for improved SMB is increasing. urgent. Olfactory is one of the important factors affecting the SMB, but there still lack research on how the olfactory influences the SMB. Moreover, the mechanism of individual differences in SMB caused by olfactory receptors remains unclear. Our team had acquired a large number of population differential olfactory receptor (OR) gene variation used the re-sequencing data of the crossbreeding populations of Large White X Min Pigs, which had relatively different maternalities. This study intends to use the same population, starting with the genome-wide association of ORs and SMB, applying transcriptomics, proteomics, and other multiomic approaches to carry out the following research: (1) SMB significantly related OR genes mining; (2) Molecular function analysis and validation of SMB significantly related OR genes; (3) Cytological mutation verification and Molecular Network Construction of SMB significantly related OR gene variations. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the whole genome selection of sow maternal behavior by analyzing the mechanism of OR individual differences in SMB. It also provides a reference for the analysis of genetic factors affecting maternal behavior from the perspective of population.