芽胞杆菌是一类产芽胞的重要微生物资源，分布广、适应性强，具有重要应用价值。红树林生态系统位于海陆交界相互作用地带，芽胞杆菌是其微生物多样性的重要组成部分。目前，受微生物分离培养技术所限，红树林生态系统芽胞杆菌稀有种多样性报道少。本项目以福建漳江口红树林国家级自然保护区为研究对象，在前期研究基础上，拟开展核心区、入海口和出海口的周期性采样，将培养组学和高通量测序相结合，系统阐述红树林生态系统芽胞杆菌稀有种的结构与组成，分析稀有种的分布特征，挖掘难培养的稀有种信息；建立芽胞杆菌稀有种培养体系，获得稀有种资源，发现潜在新分离单元，开展芽胞杆菌稀有种系统分类学研究；评价红树林生态系统芽胞杆菌稀有种多样性，揭示其与季节、植被、温度、样本理化性质等环境响应规律及关键影响因子，并探讨其与芽胞杆菌优势种及其他微生物之间的关联。项目可为红树林生态系统微生物多样性及芽胞杆菌稀有种功能挖掘提供支撑和科学依据。

Bacillus-like species are a kind of important microbial resources with the ability of endospore-forming, which have wide distribution, strong adaptability, and important application value. Mangrove ecosystem was located at the land-sea interaction zone, and Bacillus-like community was an important part of its microbial diversity. However, at present, due to the limitation of microbial isolation and culture technology, there were few reports on diversity of Bacillus-like rare species in mangrove ecosystem. Herein, based on the pre-experimental research, this project would use Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve of Fujian as the research objective, and conducted a quarterly annual sampling plan at core area, entrance and exit estuary. Combined high-throughput sequencing with culturomics, it was aimed to describe Bacillus-like rare species structure and composition, analyze distribution of rare species of Bacillus-like, mine information of uncultured Bacillus-like rare species; establish Bacillus-like cultural system and screen rare species, discover novel species, carry out systematic taxonomy research, accurately evaluate the diversity of Bacillus-like rare species in mangrove ecosystem, reveal its environmental response to seasons, vegetation, temperature, sample physical and chemical properties, determine the key factors affecting the Bacillus-like rare species diversity, and to explore the relationship with dominant Bacillus-like species and other microbial composition. This project would be provided the support and scientific foundation for mangrove ecosystem microbial diversity and potential Bacillus-like rare species functional resources excavating.