先天性巨结肠症（HSCR）是一类小儿常见的肠运动障碍性疾病，以肠道局部神经节细胞缺失为特征，出生后短期内即可表现为近端肠管代偿性扩张和增厚，治疗不及时可以严重威胁患儿生命。HSCR具有较高的发病率，手术切除病变肠段是治疗的主要方法，但具有显著的远期并发症。近年来，肠神经干细胞移植用于治疗HSCR，逐渐成为研究的热点，有希望恢复正常肠神经系统和神经元的结构和功能，从而达到根治的目的。目前，多数干细胞研究采用组织学分析来评价移植细胞的定位、分化，具有创伤性，而且不能代表全部移植细胞的体内生存情况。临床工作中需要一种安全有效的影像检查技术，用于肠神经干细胞移植后对HSCR进行评估。因此，我们试图将肠神经干细胞与磁性纳米颗粒进行标记，在活体状态下通过磁共振对肠神经干细胞在肠壁内的分化和迁移进行示踪成像；同时磁共振多种成像序列还可以对肠神经干细胞治疗前后肠壁的运动功能的恢复进行评估。

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a class of common pediatric intestinal movement disorders, lack of local intestinal ganglion cells. The pediatric patients could be expressed as the proximal intestine compensatory expansion and thicken intestinal wall after birth. This can be a serious situation and threatened to the lives of children. HSCR has a higher incidence. Surgical resection of diseased bowel is the main method of treatment, but there was still significant long-term complications. In recent years, the intestinal neural stem cell transplantation for the treatment of HSCR gradually becomes a hot research point. It can resume the normal structure of neurons enteric nervous system and normal intestinal motility, and achieve fundamentally the purpose of cure. Currently, the majority of histological analysis stem cell research for evaluating the positioning of the transplanted cells and differentiation, but can't representative the in vivo survival of transplanted cells. There need a safe and effective imaging technology for the clinical study for enteric neural stem cell transplantation. Therefore, we are trying to mark the enteric neural stem cell with magnetic nanoparticles by magnetic resonance imaging tracer for observing the intramural differentiation and migration of the intestinal neural stem cells in vivo; while magnetic resonance multiple imaging sequence can assess the intestinal recovery of motor function of HSCR after the enteric neural stem cells transplantion.