面向激光清洗表面动态三维测量的线激光三角全偏振成像方法研究

激光清洗表面是由基底、涂层、附着物组成的物理状态与微观结构复杂的多层表面，现有动态三维测量方法无法满足其面形、材质、粗糙度的检测需求。光的偏振特性包含表面多维信息，为突破此瓶颈提供了新思路：从光在多层表面中偏振传播过程的模拟和求解角度展开研究，提出一种线激光三角全偏振成像方法。项目主要特色在于：建立多层表面双向反射分布函数新模型，揭示表面光反射偏振机理，构筑光偏振态与激光清洗表面特征间映射关系；分析空间调制型全偏振成像原理中过小斯托克斯参量产生机制，设计萨瓦偏光镜新结构，提出高信噪比与大视场范围改进原理；融合上述理论与激光三角测量原理，形成线激光三角全偏振动态三维测量新方法。另外，项目还研究新理论的关键误差分析、成像性能优化及大视场柔性标定方法。项目成果对于完善双向反射分布函数建模求解理论、扩大偏振成像应用范围、实现激光清洗环境下表面三维形貌与光学常数动态测量具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。

A surface for laser cleaning, consisting of substrates, coating and attachments, is a multilayer surface with a complex physical state and microstructure. The existing dynamic 3D measurement methods are insufficient to detect its shape, texture, and roughness. To address the challenge that multi-dimensional surface information is part of the polarization property of light, this study starts from the simulation and solution of propagation of polarized light in a multi-layer surface and proposes a line laser triangulation full polarization imaging method. The highlights of this study are as follows: 1) We establish a new multilayer surface bidirectional reflection distribution function model to reveal the reflective polarization mechanism of the surface and build a mapping relation between the polarization state of light and the properties of the surface for laser cleaning. 2) Following an in-depth examination of how very small Stokes parameters occur under the spatial modulation-based full polarization imaging principle, we design a novel Savart polariscope structure and present a principle to improve high signal-to-noise ratio and large field-of-view. 3) Based on the above-mentioned theories and the laser triangulation principle, we propose a novel line laser triangulation-full polarization imaging method for dynamic 3D measurement. Additionally, we also explore the performance of the proposed method in critical error analysis, imaging performance optimization and large field-of-view flexible calibration. Our research results are of great significance, both theoretical and practical, for the improvement of the bidirectional reflection distribution function modeling and solving theory, the extension of the applicability of polarization imaging, and the 3D dynamic measurement of the morphology and optical constants of surfaces under laser cleaning environments.