农业废物堆肥化过程中氮素转移转化规律及相关功能微生物种群特性已引起学者广泛关注。然而，针对堆肥化过程中氨氧化细菌和古菌种群在堆肥微环境条件变化的影响下对基质中氨的微生物氧化的功能活性差异特征及关键影响因子还知之甚少。本项目以编码催化氨氧化第一步反应的氨单加氧酶基因（amoA）为研究对象，采用分子生物学和传统微生物生理学技术相结合的方法，研究氨氧化细菌和古菌在农业废物堆肥化不同阶段amoA基因原位表达活性的差异；掌握细菌和古菌amoA基因数量、组成及其原位表达活性对堆肥基质潜在氨氧化能力的影响规律；重点考察氨氧化细菌和古菌种群在堆肥基质微环境变化的影响下驱动氨的氧化规律特征，并通过多元分析方法找出驱动氨氧化细菌和古菌amoA基因动态变化的关键理化因子。本项目有望为堆肥过程中氨氧化微生物种群及其功能特性的研究和氮素循环的科学管理提供理论指导。

The transfer and transformation characteristics of nitrogen and the related microbial communities during agricultural waste composting have been attracting worldwide attentions. However, the researches on the enzyme expression differences between ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), as well as the characteristics of dynamic response of AOB and AOA to the variations of micro-environmental conditions and the key driving factors during agricultural waste composting are scarce. In this project, the functional amoA gene encoding a subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme responsible for the first step of the nitrification process, will be used as study subjects. The in situ difference of amoA gene expression for AOB and AOA, as well as the effects of amoA gene abundance, structure, and in situ amoA gene expression on the potential ammonia oxidation capacity will be investigated through molecular biology techniques combined with conventional microbiological physiology methods. The main point will be focused on the characteristics of dynamic responses of AOB and AOA to the variation of micro-environmental conditions, at the meantime, multivariate analyses were performed to test which factors have significant influence on the communities of the ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, and provide statistical tests for those correlations. Significant proportion of shared variation can be assigned to particular parameter by variation partitioning analysis after elimination of possible effects due to other composting parameters. The results will provide scientific basis for the research of ammonia oxidation microorganisms and their functions, and instruct new theoretical directions for the safety evaluation and scientific management of nitrogen cycle during agricultural waste composting.