宽带相控阵列接收机前端CMOS单片实现技术的研究

相控阵列系统使用多根天线来提高信号收发性能，这一技术已广泛应用于军事领域，近年来逐渐在民用领域兴起。传统的相控阵列系统大部分基于非CMOS工艺的商用芯片搭建。随着相控阵列技术向高集成度，低成本化的方向发展，宽带相控阵列接收机前端的CMOS单片实现成为国际国内的研究前沿。本课题提出基于CMOS工艺，具有较高瞬时带宽性能，工作在24.25-26.65 GHz频段，可用于24GHz短距离车载雷达的宽带相控阵列接收机前端电路。采用基于全通网络的延迟电路有效地降低了孔径效应、渡越时间的影响进而提高了瞬时带宽；同时提出了一种较为新颖的本振移相器和混频器联合移相的结构，既避免了射频移相器对接收性能的恶化，又能以较小的本振移相器精度实现较大的整体移相精度。所设计的前端电路具有良好的接收性能和波束控制性能，为CMOS宽带相控阵列接收机整机芯片实现提供了有效的解决方案。

Phased array systems which utilize multiple antennas to improve transceiving performance have been widely used for military purpose, and emerge recently for non-military applications. A traditional phased array system is mostly composed of commercial non-CMOS devices. With the development of phased array orienting to high integration and low cost, single-chip CMOS implementation of wideband phased array receiver front-end becomes a key technology worldwide. A wideband phased array receiver front-end circuit based on CMOS technology is proposed with wide instantaneous bandwidth at 24.25-26.65 GHz targeting 24 GHz short range vehicular radar. The influences of aperture effect and transit time are reduced by a kind of time delay circuits based on all-pass topology in order to increase the instantaneous bandwidth. A novel hybrid phase shifting method by LO phase shifter and mixer is proposed to avoid the degrading of the receiving performance by RF phase shifter, and to realize a highly accurate phase shifting by LO phase shifter. This work proves as an efficient solution for CMOS implementation of wideband phased array receiver, as it demonstrates a good performance in receiving and beam steering.