抑郁症状通常始发于青少年期，可导致抑郁症及自杀行为的发生，已严重威胁我国青少年心理健康。抑郁症状受到环境应激和遗传因素共同作用，发病机理尚不明确。家庭是青少年成长的主环境，早期父母教养方式被认为是影响青少年抑郁症状最主要的早期环境应激因素之一。此外，现有研究发现调控糖皮质激素受体信号通路及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的关键基因FKBP5、NR3C1单核苷酸多态性与抑郁症状存在关联，但相关研究主要为动物实验或基于成年人群的病例对照研究，有待前瞻性研究探讨上述基因、基因-早期父母教养方式及基因-基因交互作用对青少年抑郁症状的影响。在课题组前期研究儿童期遭受父母不良对待等环境应激因素对青少年抑郁症状影响的基础上，本项目拟采用纵向研究设计，探讨早期父母教养方式与FKBP5、NR3C1基因多态性对青少年抑郁症状的影响及作用机制，为进一步探索青少年抑郁症状生物标志物以及易感人群的早期干预措施提供科学依据。

Depressive symptoms usually start in adolescence and may cause clinical depression and suicidal behavior. It has been a public concern that threatens the adolescent mental health. Depressive symptoms are elicited through a combination of environmental stress and genetic factors, but the pathological mechanism is still unclear. The family is the main environment for the developing adolescent, and early parenting style is thought as one of the most important factors that affect adolescent depressive symptoms. Additionally, although the present evidence suggests that there are significant associations between depressive symptoms and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FKBP5 and NR3C1 genes which play an important role in regulating glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling pathway and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, most of these studies are animal experiments or case-control studies in adults. Prospective longitudinal evidence is needed to estimate the individual effects of both early parenting style and polymorphisms in the FKBP5 and NR3C1 genes, the gene-early parenting style interaction effects, and the gene-gene interaction effects on adolescent depressive symptoms. Based on our previous studies that focus on the influences of environmental stress (including negative experiences with parents) on adolescent depressive symptoms, we prepare to conduct a prospective longitudinal study to estimate the effects and possible mechanisms of early parenting style and polymorphisms in the FKBP5 and NR3C1 genes on adolescent depressive symptoms, and to offer scientific basis for exploring potential biomarkers and establishing early targeted intervention programs of vulnerable adolescents to depressive symptoms.