传统理论认为，卵子提供的母源因子（蛋白质和RNA等）负责动物早期胚胎发育的调控，近年来，父源因子（目前已知包括精子RNA、精子核基质和精子染色质）的存在已经逐渐得到认可，且精子核基质和精子染色质在胚胎发育中的调控作用也已经得到证实。但关于精子RNA的起源及其在胚胎中的命运和功能的理解和认识比较缺乏。申请人在前期的博士论文研究中发现，小囊泡体可能是精子RNA起源之一，并据此提出了精子RNA双重起源的假说。本项目拟通过精子转录组的RNA深度测序比较和小囊泡体与精子的RNA传递等研究进行起源假说验证；然后利用定量PCR技术研究精子RNA在胚胎中的消亡规律；再利用单精显微注射技术研究精子RNA对早期胚胎原核形成、DNA复制、基因组激活和胚胎发育潜力的影响，以评估其对早期胚胎发育的调控作用。预期成果对揭示精子RNA起源机制和消亡规律，证实精子RNA遗传效应的存在，加深理解胚胎发育调控机制有重要意义。

Traditional theory holds that the maternal factors originated from eggs (protein and RNA, etc.) are responsible for the regulation of development of early embryo, however, in recent years，the existence of paternal factors (now known to include RNA, nuclear matrix and chromatin of sperm) has been accepted gradually and the effects of sperm nuclear matrix and chromatin on the development of embryo have been confirmed.However ,the understanding and knowledge of the origin of sperm RNA and its fate and function in the embryo are relatively deficient.Based on previous dissertation research，we deduced that the exosomes may be one of the origins of sperm RNA and put forward the hypothesis of double origins of sperm RNA. Current project is conducted to confirm the hypothesis by comparative analysis of sperm transcriptome with RNA deep sequencing and study on the RNA transfering from exosomes to sperms. Then dynamic expression of sperm RNA in embryos is analyzed by real time quantitative PCR. Finally we will use intracytoplasmic sperm microscopic injection technology to research the influence of sperm RNA on pronuclear formation, DNA replication，genome acivation and developmental potential of embryo to assess the regulation of sperm RNA on the development of early embryo. The project will be expected to reveal the origination mechanism of sperm RNA, and it's fate in embryo, prove the potential genetic effects of sperm RNA on early embryos, facilitate the understanding of the regulation of embryonic development.