高能重离子束辐射诱变在拓展大豆遗传多样性中的探索

大豆是我国重要粮食和经济作物，集约化品种的选育与推广，导致其遗传多样性日趋狭窄，人工诱变是遗传多样性的重要来源。高能重离子束作为新兴辐射诱变源，具有突变效率高、突变谱广、生理损伤较轻等特点，在拓宽作物遗传基础，尤其是新型突变种质创制中具有重要应用价值。目前，我国高能重离子束辐射诱变大豆工作尚处于起步阶段，且其对诱变后代的遗传多样性多局限于表型研究，尚未深入到全基因组层面。本项目以大豆干种子为研究对象，采用不同剂量的高能碳离子束辐射处理，创新突变体资源库，在后代群体水平，结合表型变异筛选及基于下一代测序技术的基因组分子突变频谱分析，跨世代、多维度研究不同参数的高能碳离子束对大豆的诱变效应，探寻表型变异频谱与基因组变异特征的关联性。从表型、基因组层面探索高能重离子束辐射诱变对大豆遗传多样性的拓展效应，扩大和丰富大豆遗传资源的同时，为高能碳离子束诱变大豆育种实践应用提供理论指导。

Soybean is one of the most economically important seed crops in China. The genetic diversity has become increasingly narrow due to the breeding and popularization of intensive soybean varieties. Artificial mutagenesis is an important source of genetic diversity. As an advanced physical mutagenesis technology, high-energy heavy-ion beam radiation has several beneficial characteristics, such as high mutation efficiency, wide mutation spectrum and light physiological damage, and has important application value in broadening the genetic basis, especially in crop germplasm innovation. At present, the work of soybean mutagenesis by high-energy heavy ion beam radiation in China is still in its infancy. Meanwhile, the study on genetic diversity of the mutagenesis progeny is mostly limited to phenotypic level, and has not yet been promoted to the whole genome level. This program takes soybean dry seeds as the research object, uses different doses of high-energy carbon-ion beam radiation treatment, combines phenotypic variation screening and genomic molecular mutation spectrum analysis, and compares different parameters of high-energy carbon-ion beam radiation to soybeans across generations and different dimensions. Mutagenesis effect, explore the relationship between phenotypic variation spectrum and genomic variation characteristics based on the Next Generation Sequencing technique. At the same time, through the multi-generation screening and verification and genomic variation to capture the M1 generation heritable variation information, try to obtain the "suitable mutagenic radiation parameters" of high-energy carbon-ion beam radiation of soybean. Provide a reference basis to explore its expanding effect on soybean germplasm diversity from the genome level, and provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of high energy carbon ion beam mutation breeding.