典型人工纳米颗粒对农作物抗虫性的生防机制研究

目前，人工纳米颗粒（NPs）诱导农作物的抗虫性已成为国际上的一个研究热点。NPs的生物有效性对诱导农作物抗性起着关键的调控作用。根际过程是影响NPs生物有效性的重要环境地球化学过程，然而，目前尚未明确根际过程如何调控NPs的生物有效性、进而诱导农作物的抗虫性的作用机制。本项目拟以CeO2 NPs和SiO2 NPs为研究对象，采用同步辐射、高分辨液相色谱质谱联用仪等先进技术手段，揭示根系分泌物对NPs溶解、转化等关键地球化学行为的影响规律，以及NPs对根系分泌物的反馈调节机制；探明NPs提高水稻抗虫性的水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯等植物激素信号合成与转导途径，以及NPs对水稻组成抗性和诱导抗性平衡策略的影响机制。为最终建立高效、安全的农作物抗虫纳米农业技术提供重要的理论依据和技术支撑。

The research fronts on application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) opens new frontiers in pest management by inducing resistance in host crop plants. The bioavailability of NPs, which is largely controlled by the environmental geochemical behaviors of NPs in rhizosphere, is imperative for stimulating crop innate resistance. However, it is unclear how rhizosphere could affect NPs bioavailability to further induce resistance in crops against pests, and little is known for the underlying mechanisms. In this project, synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS) and other advanced techniques will be applied to identify the effects of root exudates on the geochemical behaviors (e.g., dissolution and transformation) of CeO2 NPs and SiO2 NPs, and to reveal the feedback mechanisms of NPs to the formation of exudates. Additionally, the phytohormone (e.g., salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene) signaling pathways involved in NPs-induced resistance in rice against pests, and the effects of NPs on the trade-offs between constitutive and inducible resistance against pests will be further explored. The outcomes of this project will provide fundamental knowledge and technical support to promote the establishment of efficient and safe nano-agricultural technology in crop protection and pest management.