超短超强激光脉冲与等离子体相互作用为飞秒或阿秒X射线源研究的产生提供了一种新的途径。基于等离子体加速结构中被加速电子的辐射，有着结构紧凑、方向性好、辐射能谱宽、飞秒时间尺度以及潜在高峰值亮度的特性。本项目以利用超强激光与等离子体相互作用来驱动产生高亮度的阿秒脉冲X射线源为目标，选择等离子体中被加速的电子与短脉冲激光进行汤姆逊背散射为研究对象，结合粒子模拟和蒙特卡罗模拟研究方法，研究强激光与稠密等离子体相互作用产生高亮度的阿秒电子束（链）以及相继的汤姆逊背散射产生多脉冲X射线链的细致物理过程，给出阿秒X射线脉冲的通量、峰值亮度、能谱和角分布，以及脉冲时间结构等辐射特性，定量分析强激光脉冲和等离子体靶参数对阿秒电子束和相继的汤姆逊背散射辐射的作用影响，为相关实验检验和发展提供理论依据。这一研究成果也提供了一个潜在的辐射源，为原子和电子尺度的超快过程的探测及其它相关科学研究提供强有力的探测工具。

Ultra-short and ultra-intense laser pulses interacting with plasmas has recently led to the emergence of a novel generation of femtosecond or attosecond x-ray sources. Based on radiation from electrons accelerated in plasma, these sources have the common properties, including compactness, wide tunablility, fs time scale, and the potential for high-brightness. This project arms to develop an intense Thomson-backscattering attosecond X-ray source driven by ultraintense laser interaction with overdense plasmas. Taking the Thomson backscattering of short-pulse laser off electrons accelerated in plasma as research object, and particle-in-cell simulation and Monte Carlo simulation as research methods, the detailed physical processes for generating dense attosecond electron train via high-power laser-plasma interactions, and the successive multi-pulse X-ray train via Thomson backscattering will be investigated, the radiation properties referring to its flux, peak brightness, energy and angular distributions, and pulse duration will be evaluated, and then the effects of the laser pulse and plasma target parameters on the accelerated attosecond electron bunch and the resulting Thomson backscattered radiation in succession will be analyzed quantitatively. These studies are beneficial to the experimental testing and development of such source, and may provide a powerful tool for probing the ultrafast processes at the atomic and electronic spin scale as well as the other related scientific research.