在不同环境下植物营养生长往往呈现出很强的表型可塑性，而生殖生长，如花器官发育，则呈现出较强的稳态性。目前尚不清楚花器官发育稳态的调控机制。BTZ是外显子拼接复合体核心成员之一，它在RNA代谢中起重要作用。我们前期研究表明，BTZ基因的表达及其编码蛋白的亚细胞定位对胁迫有明显应答变化。转基因分析表明水稻BTZ基因参与依赖于环境的花器官稳态调控，而毛酸浆中该基因主要决定花粉发育。这些结果表明植物BTZ基因在花发育调控中呈明显的功能分化并具有适应性功能。所申请项目将通过RNA-、RIP-seq等分析水稻BTZ转基因植物，聚焦解析该基因参与花发育稳态的分子机制；通过蛋白互作网络、表达模式、靶基因等全方位比较分析，揭示水稻和毛酸浆中（直系和旁系）同源基因的功能分化机制，并结合花器官表型变异和环境因素相关性分析，理解BTZ基因家族的适应性进化机制。研究结果将为阐明花发育稳态及其适应性的机制提供新认识。

In contrast to morphological plasticity of vegetative development in plants in response to various environmental changes, the development of reproductive traits, like floral organs, often show phenotypic robustness against environmental variations. However, it still remains obscure about the molecular basis of floral developmental robustness. BTZ is one core component of the exon junction complex (EJC), and it plays significant roles in mRNA metabolism processes. In our previous studies, we found that both gene expression and protein subcellular localization of plant BTZ family were obviously altered in response to stresses, such as salinity stress. Moreover, transgenic analyses revealed that BTZ genes from Oryza sativa were involved in floral developmental robustness in certain environments, while the ortholog of rice BTZ genes from Physalis floridana exerted an essential role in pollen development, suggesting functional divergence of plant BTZ genes in floral developmental robustness which is dependent of environments, thus a likely adaptive role of this gene family in plant evolution. In this proposal, we are suggesting to focus on molecular mechanisms controlling floral developmental robustness by BTZ genes in rice via RNA-seq, RIP-seq analyses in various BTZ transgenic rice plants relative to wild-type rice. We also will elucidate the functional divergence of plant BTZ genes through comprehensive comparisons in protein–protein interaction network, gene expression patterns in floral organs, and differentiation in target genes of paralogous genes in rice and orthologous genes between rice and P. floridana. Further correlation analysis between floral organ phenotypic variation of transgenic plants and multiple environmental factors will be performed to understand the adaptive role of BTZ gene family in plants. The achievements of this study will provide new insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying floral developmental robustness and its adaptive evolution.