类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌（Bp）所致的类鼻疽是一种地方性人兽共患病,具有误诊率和病死率很高的特点，被NCCLS归为可能成为生物恐怖的细菌。Bp可由疫区的水和土壤经外伤、呼吸道和消化道等途径感染人畜。海南是我国Bp分离率最高的地区，又是我国农产品的重要生产基地和旅游热点地区，疫区的动物和农产品的出岛及旅游者入岛增加了Bp扩散的风险。1990年海南报道我国首个类鼻疽病例以来，临床病例报道居全国之首，但海南Bp的自然疫源地和遗传特征仍不清楚。因此，对海南Bp的自然疫源地和基因多态性的调查研究十分必要。我们拟对海南主要的农产品基地、水源地及旅游点的土壤和水中的Bp进行分离培养和检测，确认其疫源地；应用MLST进行基因多态性分析，建立Bp基因数据库；分析环境菌与临床菌株以及其它地区Bp基因型的差异；通过动物实验检测不同基因型Bp的毒性，确认侵袭性Bp基因型；为海南和我国Bp的防治及疫情溯源提供科学依据。

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis,is an environmental bacterium, infecting humans or animals results from inhalation, inoculation, and possibly ingestion of contaminated soil or water. Melioidosis is often fatal, as illustrated by the high mortality and misdiagnosis rates among cases.The first reported case of melioidosis in a human patient in Hainan occurred in 1990,and an increase in melioidosis cases compared to other areas in China was observed in Hainan.Hainan is now recognized as the main epidemic area of melioidosis in China.However,the natural nidus and hereditary feature of melioidosis in Hainan remains undiscovered.Thus, we are planning to conduct an epidemiological investigation to determine the geographical distribution of B. pseudomallei in Hainan.We prepare to examine the distribution of B. pseudomallei in surface water and soil around agricultural product base, water head site and tourist point in Hainan using culture and real-time PCR. Molecular diversity will be assessed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and the gene local database will be established.Our study will not only provide the scientific basis for melioidosis epidemiology , but also provide basic data for its loimia tracing.