可激活式聚合物光声体系的制备及其在诊断/病理分析中的应用探讨

作为生物标志物的一些生物物质如活性氧物质(ROS)、代谢酶、生物分子等具有重要的生理与病理作用，对其浓度和分布的检测与示踪在生物及临床化学中具有重要意义，可极大促进相关的疾病诊断和病理研究。光声检测及成像兼具光学和超声技术的优点，并克服两者的缺点，可获得更多更全面的结果。目前的光声体系属于“静态模式”，即光声信号不变、且与疾病状态或病理过程无关。为了克服上述局限性，本研究拟构建基于含生色团化合物的体系/纳米体系/聚合物的、可与疾病或病理状态相关联的光声体系，获得可激活式光声体系；在体系中引入对被检物的响应基元生色团/不敏感的生色团；由疾病/病理状态产生的生物物质触发调控体系的光声信号变化，从而实现检测/药物释放追踪等目的，并将体系应用到生物样本中的光声示踪。把握含生色团高分子等体系的结构与功能的调控方法和途径，为生物样本中的检测和示踪提供一种新的途径，为含生色团大分子在内源性生物标志物的检测及药物释放追踪/疗效评价等领域的应用提供基础，拓宽聚合物/生色团体系的应用范围。

Biomarkers including reactive oxygen species (ROS), enzymes and biomolecules play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes, hence the detection and monitoring/imaging of their levels and distribution is of great significance in terms of biological and clinical chemistry, which could greatly facilitate related researches concerning diagnostics and pathological analysis. Photoacoustic detection/imaging could render more useful information by integrating the advantages of optical and ultrasonic techniques while overcoming their limitations. However, currently-used photoacoustic agents all belong to “static mode”, namely their photoacoustic signals keep constant and are not related to any disease states or pathological processes. In order to overcome these limitations, herein we aim to fabricate chromophore-containing systems/nanoparticle/polymer-based activatable photoacoustic agents, which are closely related to and can be triggered by disease states or pathological processes. Upon incorporating analyte-responsive-unit-containing chromophore and nonresponsive chromophore into the systems, the photoacoustic signals can be activated by endogenous analytes generated in disease states or pathological processes; thus sensitive detection and photoacoustic imaging in biological samples can be realized. Hopefully, this study will eventually lead to new approaches for modulating structure and functions of these systems as well as for the detection and imaging of endogenous biomarkers and the tracing of drug release/therapeutic efficacy, and will also further expand the application of these systems.