多倍体基因组变异机制及其适应性的研究

多倍体在植物中非常普遍，30%-70%的被子植物是多倍体，而且许多重要的作物也是多倍体。因此，理解多倍体植物基因组变异式样是揭示人工选择下多倍体作物适应机制的关键环节。荠菜是一种重要的蔬菜，也是地球上非常成功的物种之一，是阐明多倍体适应性机制的一个理想研究系统。在微进化培育项目的资助下，申请人已发现从二倍体近缘种的渐渗提高了荠菜的适应性。本集成项目拟进一步通过群体基因组学及数量遗传学的方法来阐明渐渗是如何具体改变荠菜适应性的。该研究对于揭示植物“微进化过程的多基因作用机制”具有重大理论意义，同时在实践上可以促进多倍体作物的育种和改良。

Polyploidy is a frequent event in plants, including about 30%-70% of angiosperms and many important crops. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of their genome evolution is crucial to reveal how polyploid crops adapt to the diverse habitats under artificial selection during domestication. Capsella bursa-pastoris is an important vegetable and one of the most successful plants on the earth, has become a great model system to study the adaptation of polyploid. With the support of microevolution project, we have clarified that introgression from diploid species contributed to the adaptation of this polyploid. In the present project, we are going to disentangle how exactly the introgression improved the adaptation of the Shepherd’s purse, with the integration of the results of both population genomics and quantitative genetics. This study will greatly improve our understanding of “multigenic interactions driving micro-evolutionary processes”, and promote breeding of polyploid crops at the same time.